1. Chapter Outline Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 II. The Religious-Political Fusion III. Wars of Religions: 1556–98 IV. Eastern Europe V. The Austrian Habsburgs and the Thirty Years’ War

2. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 A. Western Europe England and France 100 Years’ War (1337–1453) Joan of Arc 1429 — Orléans Impact England > Wars of the Roses (1455–85) > Tudor Dynasty Henry VII (1485–1509) France Division > nationalism Louis XI (1461–83)

3. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 (A. Western Europe) Spain: Ferdinand and Isabella 1479 Castile and Aragon joined Inquisition > persecution of converses > Sephardim Reconquista achieved, 1492 Portugal Avis dynasty Prince Henry the Navigator (1394–1460) Ceuta, 1411

4. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 B. Central Europe, 1300–1521 Holy Roman Empire 1273, Habsburgs Golden Bull, 1356 autonomy of nobles Marriages Maximilian I and Maria of Burgundy > Philip I Philip I and Juana > Charles Charles (1516–56) Switzerland 1305, Independence Italy condottieri, mercenaries Treaty of Lodi, 1454 C. Catholic Frontier Poland — Piasts (895–1306) Bohemia — Premyslids (895–1306) Hungary — Arpads (896–1310) Universities: Prague, Krakow, Pecs 14th Century, dynasties end threatened from all sides Prussia Teutonic knights, 1225 Prus killed Kaliningrad founded Bohemia, 1356, king > elector Czech leader John Zizka Hungary János Hunyadi, Mathias Corvinus Mohacs, 1526, defeated by Ottomans

5. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Religious-Political Fusion A. Protestant Politics Scmalkaldic League — Lutherans B. England’s Break with Rome Henry VIII (1509–47) C. Calvinists John Calvin, Geneva

6. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Wars of Religion, 1556–1598 A. Motives religion kings v. nobles B. Spanish Habsburg Dominance Division of Empire: Philip II (1556–1598) Naples, Sicily, Netherlands, Spain, Empire Ferdinand: Austria, Bohemia, Hungary Cortes

7. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Wars of Religion, 1556–1598 C. Revolt in the Netherlands (= Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland) Margaret of Parma (1522–86) regent for Philip 1566 — “Calvinist Fury” Duke of Alva to Netherlands William of Orange (1533–84) Pacification of Ghent, 1579 unite against Philip

8. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Wars of Religion, 1556–1598 D. Religious Wars in France 1559, Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis Charles (1560–74) Catherine de Medici 1561–1593 — Religious wars 1572— Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Eve Henry of Navarre, king, 1589 Edict of Nantes III. Wars of Religion, 1556–98 E. Elizabethan England, 1588–1603 Lollards Mary Stuart John Knox (1505–72) 1579, revolt Ireland James Maurice, 1569 — revolts F. Philip II Alliance with Pope > Holy League Lepanto — victory over Ottomans, 1571 1581— Dutch declaration of independence 1588 — Armada to Flanders

9. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. Orthodox Europe: Russian Consolidation and Ottoman Expansion A. Russian Autocracy Ivan III Ivan IV (1533–84) reforms zemski sobor boyars — nobles oprichniki Fedor Boris Godunov, boyar dies, 1598 — end of Ruriks > Godunov acclaimed Romanovs Code of 1649 — serfdom B. The Balkans from 1345, Ottomans into Europe 1389 — Kosovo Murad I v. Serbians, Bosnians 1453— Constantinople Millet system Devshirme system

10. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. The Austrian Habsburgs & The Thirty Years’ War Thirty Years’ War (1618–48) A. Thirty Years’ War — First Phases Bohemian Phase (1618–25) Ferdinand II C Bohemians Nobles — P Defenestration of Prague, 1618 attack on Ferdinand’s councilors > Battle of the White Mountain, 1620 Danish Phase (1625–29) Christian IV (1588–1648) — P 1624 — invades Germany Albert von Wallenstein v. Protestants victory by 1629 1629 — Edict of Restitution

11. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 15: The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. The Austrian Habsburgs & The Thirty Years’ War B. Later Phases Swedish Phase (1630–35) Gustavus Adolphus (1611–32)—P 1630— invasion of Germany 1635 — Peace of Prague French Phase (1635–48) 1643 — Rocroi French defeat Spanish 1648 — Treaty of Westphalia C. The Peace of Westphalia Edict of Restitution nullified