1. The Future of Public Administration (Wrap-Up Lecture) March 2011 Pol Sci 341 St Francis Xavier University

2. The Future of Public Administration The Canadian model : key characteristics Key Continuing Issues – stuff that won’t go away Key Values – the values remain, but the mix among them changes Bureaucratic / Democratic Dilemmas: a framework for seeing the course as a whole

3. The Canadian Model of Public Administration (Bourgon, 1993) Government and its institutions essential to a well-performing society Government itself must lead, but must not act alone, rather act as a catalyst and partner, forging alliances. Need both policy capacity and modern service deliver functions, improving both across government (Horizontality). One size, one solution, does not fit all.

4. Canadian model…continued Policy and administration can not always be separated Importance of a professional, non-partisan public service Leadership required from both elected and appointed officials

5. Seven Key Values of Public Admin 1.Neutrality 2.Accountability 3.Efficiency and Effectiveness 4.Responsiveness 5.Representativeness 6.Equity, Fairness 7.Integrity and Ethics

6. Seven Key Continuing Issues The appropriate role of the State Maintaining state capacity Democratic deficits Management reform: what works well -- where and why? Security of employment tenure Managing diversity Electronic government

7. Bureaucratic – Democratic Dilemmas Australian political sociologist Eva Etzioni-Halevy has a three-part thesis: 1.Bureaucracy is a dilemma for democracy 2.Democracy is a dilemma for bureaucracy 3.These dilemmas create political friction

8. 1. Bureaucracy is a dilemma for democracy Can be a tool for domination and oppression Bureaucrats can escape or avoid political control Pro’s and con’s of an independent public service When does patronage become corruption? Accountability is vital to solving this dilemma

9. 2. Democracy is a dilemma for bureaucracy Where should political control begin and end ? How to “let the managers manage” Effect of “politicization” on nonpartisanship, neutrality and the public interest How best to tap into direct public consultation and deliberation ?

10. 3. Dilemmas 1 and 2 create political friction Friction will occur where boundaries are hazy – between policy and administration; -- between policy and partisanship Friction will occur if rules break down, or are inadequate to new circumstances Severe friction can result in a debilitating stand-off, or a dramatic win/loss – e.g. a government falls, or a bureaucrat or agency gets “the sack”