1. Is the federal bureaucracy essential to good government?
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Is the federal bureaucracy essential to good government?
4/25/2017

2. Democratic Consolidation
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Democratic Consolidation
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What makes DEMOCRACY succeed?
Factors
Why they matter
Professional Civil Service
Bureaucrats are less likely to be corrupt; will keep government functioning when changes in leadership occur.
Next semester, when we look at other countries’ governments, we will discuss what makes democracy succeed in some places and not in others.
One factor we will discuss is the presence or absence of a professional Civil Service
Civil Service
How were federal workers selected during the early years of our nation’s history? [patronage / spoils system]
What system is used to hire federal workers today? [civil service]
Does the Civil Service contribute to good government? Why/why not?
How is the Civil Service system a limit on the president? [can’t fire career personnel]
Is this a Constitutional, statutory or political limit? [statutory]
How might it be a power? [“burrowing” allows a president to leave his people in an agency after he leaves office]

3. AGENDA December 19/20, 2013 Today’s topics The Federal Bureaucracy II
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Today’s topics
The Federal Bureaucracy II
Executive Branch Research
Administrative
Unit 2+3 Test corrections end Thurs., Dec. 19
Homework
Due Jan. 6 - Chapter 16: Read + Glossary terms 16A+16B
Any questions about our agenda today?

4. Learning Goals Unit 4 Guide
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Unit 4 Guide
Is the federal bureaucracy essential to good government?
How does the federal bureaucracy affect people in Oregon? Provide at least three examples.
Why are some executive branch agencies set up as Independent Agencies? Is this a good idea? Why/why not?
How do these types of independent agencies compare? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Government Corporations
Teacher goes through goals and relates them to the days’ activities.

5. Executive Office of the President Executive Departments
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4/25/2017
The Executive Branch
Executive Office of the President
Executive Departments
Independent Agencies
Last class we spoke about the EOP and Cabinet Departments…today we will focus on the Independent Agencies

6. Executive Office of the President
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White House Office
Nerve center of Executive Branch
Staff not subject to Senate confirmation
National Security Council (NSC)
Situation Room (link)
National Security Advisor not confirmed by Senate but other members of NSC are (Secretary of Defense, Director of National Intelligence, etc.)
Office of Management & Budget (OMB)
Prepares federal budget
Budget = Major policy statement for the Administration
Head of OMB is confirmed by the Senate
First, the Executive Office of the President, which is composed of [click through]
White House Office
President’s closest staff and advisors
NSC
Video of situation room [West Wing, Ground Floor – Situation Room]
Why is it important for a president to have a secure communications facility in the White House? Why not have it at the Pentagon, or CIA headquarters?
OMB
Policy & budget experts
Why have these located in the White House (as opposed to having budget/policy experts located in the Cabinet agencies)?
What are the limits on the President’s power through the Executive Office of the President?
Senate confirmation (some)
Power of the purse (Congress controls the budget, can cut staff)
Why is it important for a president to have some advisors who are confirmed by the Senate and some who are not confirmed by the Senate?

7. Cabinet Departments Executive Departments The Cabinet
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Cabinet Departments
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Executive Departments
Oldest (created in 1789):
Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Department of War (now Dept. of Defense)
Office of the Attorney General (now Dept. of Justice)
Which is the
largest (budget)?
largest (# of employees)?
newest?
The Cabinet
Currently 15 executive departments + VP + 6 others
What is it? (link)
OLDEST: Why do you think those 4 departments were set up before all others?
[reflect the basic needs of a new nation]
Which is the:
largest (budget)? [Health & Human Services; almost ¼ of all federal spending]
WHY? [mostly due to spending on health care – pre-Obamacare]
largest (# of employees)? [Defense; 700k civilian mill military]
newest? [Homeland Security; represents new priorities after September 11, 2001 attacks]
What is the Cabinet?
Video of Cabinet Room [West Wing, 1st Floor – Cabinet Room]
How often does Pres. Obama’s Cabinet meet? [about every 2 months]
What does that say about the Cabinet’s role in running the federal government?
How are a president’s priorities reflected in the cabinet?
by the Secretaries appointed
by the other agencies included in the Cabinet
How does the appointment of Cabinet secretaries reflect checks and balances in the government?
[the President appoints Cabinet secretaries, but Senate must confirm]
The following positions have the status of Cabinet-rank:
White House Chief of Staff
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Management & Budget
United States Trade Representative
United States Ambassador to the United Nations
Council of Economic Advisers

8. Independent Agencies Independent Executive Agencies
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Independent Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
Subject to presidential control
Similar to Cabinet departments
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Independent of the president
Often exercise quasi-judicial & quasi-legislative powers
Government Corporations
Set up to carry out business functions
Why has Congress located the independent agencies outside Cabinet departments?
Don’t fit in any other departments [NASA, GSA]
Independence from partisan/political pressure [FEC]
Gov’t Corporations
Set up to carry out business functions [Amtrak, US Postal Service, FDIC, TVA]

9. Skip if running short on time
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Skip if running short on time
Teacher directs students to create a Venn Diagram chart in their notes

10. G&P -- Stuckart
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Independent Agencies
Place these items in the appropriate place on your Venn diagram:
Most similar to Cabinet departments
Under president’s control
Structured like a business
Located outside Cabinet departments
Exercises executive, legislative & judicial powers
Headed by board of directors and general manager
Have staggered terms to ensure independence
Teacher directs students to work with a partner and use textbook & notes to complete Venn diagrams
Most similar to Cabinet departments [executive]
Under president’s control [executive & government corporation]
Structured like a business [government corporation]
Located outside Cabinet departments [all]
Exercises executive, legislative & judicial powers [regulatory]
Headed by board of directors and general manager [government corporation]
Have staggered terms to ensure independence [regulatory]

11. Executive Branch Research
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4/25/2017
Executive Branch Research
The Executive Branch
Executive Office of the President
Executive Departments
Independent Agencies
Go over students’ answers from Executive Branch Research assignment
Which Cabinet Department would… [see Section 1 Core Worksheet for examples]
Which Cabinet Department would… (use text pg 436)

12. MERRY CHRISTMAS! HAPPY NEW YEAR!
G&P -- Stuckart
Homework
4/25/2017
Before you leave
Pick up your belongings
Straighten up your area
Homework
Due Jan. 6 - Chapter 16: Read + Glossary terms 16A+16B
MERRY CHRISTMAS! HAPPY NEW YEAR!
Stay safe for the holidays