1. Plate Tectonics and Associated Hazards

2. Pass on your work to one of your peers. Use the mark scheme to read through and mark the work. Move papers on again and mark a second one Do this one more time Then retrieve your paper, mark it and see if you agree with the marks? Discuss strengths and weaknesses All have a look at the model answer How does this compare with your work? Write down 3 things you could do to improve your extended question answer Last weeks question

3. The structure of the Earth (Lithosphere) Theory of continental drift and plate tectonics Converging Boundaries Diverging Boundaries Conservative Boundaries The Hot Spot Theory Structure of Volcanoes and where they occur Earthquakes and where they occur Summary of Learning

4. The management of Natural Hazards (4R’s) Predicting volcanic Activity Case Studies for Volcanic Eruptions and Earthquakes You will receive some case study material and I want you to construct a grid on the A3 paper you have. Summarise information on to grid so you can use this as a revision tool Summary of Learning

5. Discuss for 2 to 3 minutes or make a list of as many physical volcanic hazards as you can. Can you give clear examples of where these Hazards have occurred… i.e which volcanoes? Check them off as we work through them. Volcanic Hazards

6. Which of the following are physical or human responses to Earthquakes … successful Earthquake management depends upon a number of interacting variable.. Can you guess what they are.. You have 3 minutes …. to discuss and write a list. When we ago through the answers decide again if they are physical or human and put them in to 2 columns. Responding to an Earthquake

7. Remember, physical or human preparedness

8. Time of day

9. Base Geology

10. Ability to cope and react

11. Location of epicentre

12. Pinpointing the weaknesses in infrastructure

13. Charting the recurrence interval

14. Identification of localities prone to liquefaction/folding or faulting

15. Efficiency of emergency services

16. Building style

17. Duration of the shake

18. Depth of Focus

19. Tuned Dampers Rubber Bearings Pendulum Bearings Building height control Spring foundations Reinforced masonry with ductile joints to allow some bending A light frame structure using wood Use of concrete with pre stressed steel core Cross bracing What do they have in common? Can you categorise them? Which of the following have you heard of?

20. They are examples of Earthquake engineering. Learn these as examples of Earthquake Engineering. The first 5 are examples of vibration control and the second 4 are examples of materials used in seismic construction.

21. Reduction Readiness Response Recovery Construct 4 boxes and add the following bits of information to the correct box 4R’s Activity

22. Public Education

23. Evacuations

24. Community and civil contingency plans by government agencies

25. Coordination and control

26. Planning and Emergency Reviews

27. Emergency Shelters

28. Dealing with Injuries

29. Schools and families undertaking awareness sessions led by government agencies and emergency services

30. Restoring Infrastructure

31. Making emergency finance available and providing insurance support

32. Practising and maintaining communication systems such as the emergency services and checking and testing warning systems

33. Practising and testing family and school defence plans

34. Training officials and volunteers

35. Evacuations

36. Hazard planning and risk management analysis

37. Communications

38. Restoration and rebuilding

39. Making emergency finance available and providing insurance support

40. What is the difference between Oceanic and continental crust? What is Isostacy? What is the difference between basic and acid lava? Progress Check

41. Oceanic crust is denser Relates to the buoyancy of the crusts material Basic lava has less silica, moves quickly and is hotter Answers

42. What is a natural hazard? Why are gas levels measured in a volcano? How can the products of volcanic eruptions be successfully used? Progress Check

43. It has potential to cause loss of life and property Increase in gas levels suggest an imminent eruption Building blocks and fertile soils and power generation Answers

44. Why is it that not all earthquake events result in disasters? Name two factors that the magnitude and intensity of Earthquakes depend on? Outline why the effects of Earthquakes are different in MEDC’s and LEDC’s Progress Check

45. With no population there can be no disaster The depth of focus, the number of buildings on the surface, the numbers of people present and the type of rock – hard rock absorbs/soft rock amplifies. See case studies..! Answers