1. CASE STUDY: MALHAM, UK By Reshma Abi and Siena Fernandes 10 Sherwin

2. SOCIAL EFFECTS- ADVANTAGES Creates more demand for local services (banks, public transport) Bus service (to Skipton and the local town), shuttle bus (to Malham) costs £2 return. This is good because there are less cars on the roads meaning less congestion and there is less pressure in the car park at Malham. Also less cars mean less greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere.

3. SOCIAL EFFECTS- DISADVANTAGES Visitors tend to park in narrow village streets causing congestion. Lots of cars parked up means that visitors have to walk on the roads which is dangerous. Also cars have to wait to park up which can affect the locals living there. Its severely restricted preventing locals from doing their necessary activities and accessing emergency vehicles. The authenticity of the village is lost because of large billboards being displayed for visitors. Also the public houses have become themed which ruins the authenticity too.

4. ECONOMIC EFFECTS- ADVANTAGES Tourism has provided jobs in areas suffering from the depression in farming, e.g. Town Head farm opened a campsite charging £10 a night per tent and £3 for parking cars on the farmyard. Some cafes and shops cater for tourists, providing jobs

5. ECONOMIC EFFECTS- DISADVANTAGES In 1991- 55% of the houses in Malham were used for holiday purposes, so people bought holiday cottages instead of hiring accommodation. The demand for second homes (holiday homes) meant that there is a rise in house prices, making it difficult for the locals to buy. Prices were 15% higher than rural areas of Yorkshire. The employment in cafes and shops is seasonal and poorly paid.

6. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS- ADVANTAGES Locals, as well as tourists have more rights to walk around their local area, as in 1994 there was a creation of the open access area and additional footpaths through the Countryside stewardship scheme with the locals. Because Malham is in the Yorkshire Dales in the National Park, it is protected by laws restricting the development that is not following the natural environment, therefore new houses have to be built using local material such as stone.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS- DISADVANTAGES The Countryside stewardship scheme caused problems for some farmers, because some tourists cause erosion by not staying on the path. They also climb on the stone walls and their dogs worry the farmers sheep. There are between 75,000 and 100,000 visits to Malham per year, causing erosion on footpaths, especially the footpath to Janet’s Fosse waterfall (a close attraction to the village). Erosion still occurs even when the path has been replaced with limestone slabs.