1. The Cold War to Terrorism Korea to Now

2. New War Cold War – a war between the Soviet Union and the United States where no fighting actually occurs Cold War – a war between the Soviet Union and the United States where no fighting actually occurs United Nations (UN) – an organization of united countries that promotes world peace United Nations (UN) – an organization of united countries that promotes world peace Question: Is world peace possible? Why or Why Not…explain Question: Is world peace possible? Why or Why Not…explain

3. Iron Curtain “Iron curtain” – imaginary line that divided Europe. “Iron curtain” – imaginary line that divided Europe. East – Communist East – Communist West – Free West – Free Satellite Nations – countries dominated by communism Satellite Nations – countries dominated by communism

7. Germany Divided Germany cut into 4 pieces Germany cut into 4 pieces Soviet, British, French, American Soviet, British, French, American Berlin (capital) located in Soviet section Berlin (capital) located in Soviet section Berlin divided into 4 sections as well Berlin divided into 4 sections as well Power Struggle – Soviets blockade of allied Berlin Power Struggle – Soviets blockade of allied Berlin Berlin Airlift – 327 days Berlin Airlift – 327 days

11. American Response Containment – don’t allow communism to spread Containment – don’t allow communism to spread Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan Giving support and money to countries threatened by communism Giving support and money to countries threatened by communism North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) “An attack on one is an attack on all” “An attack on one is an attack on all” Question: In your opinion should the US be protecting other nations both then and now? Explain, why or why not? Question: In your opinion should the US be protecting other nations both then and now? Explain, why or why not?

12. Communism in China Communist Revolution in China Communist Revolution in China Mao Zedong – “Red China” Mao Zedong – “Red China”

13. Korean War Soviet controlled North Korea attacks South Korea in 1950 Soviet controlled North Korea attacks South Korea in 1950 38 th Parallel is the dividing line 38 th Parallel is the dividing line Back and forth battles, land gained and lost – “Tug of War” Back and forth battles, land gained and lost – “Tug of War” Chinese help the north Chinese help the north In the end little land changes hand - stalemate In the end little land changes hand - stalemate Demilitarized Zone – a piece of land where no military can enter Demilitarized Zone – a piece of land where no military can enter 38 th Parallel 38 th Parallel

20. Fear of Attack H-Bomb – more powerful than an atomic bomb H-Bomb – more powerful than an atomic bomb “Nuke” “Nuke” Soviets tested theirs in 1953 Soviets tested theirs in 1953 Lots of panic in the US – “Duck and Cover” Lots of panic in the US – “Duck and Cover”

21. A New Nation Formed Israel formed in Middle East as a country for the Jews Israel formed in Middle East as a country for the Jews Land taken from Palestine – Arabs Land taken from Palestine – Arabs Conflict begins instantly Conflict begins instantly

24. Hope for Peace Nikita Khrushchev takes over the Soviet Union after Stalin dies in 1953 Nikita Khrushchev takes over the Soviet Union after Stalin dies in 1953 Wants to improve relations with the US Wants to improve relations with the US All hope is lost when an American U-2 spy plane is shot down over the Soviet Union All hope is lost when an American U-2 spy plane is shot down over the Soviet Union

26. Cuba Fidel Castro gains power – brings in communism, cuts ties with US Fidel Castro gains power – brings in communism, cuts ties with US Aligns with Soviets Aligns with Soviets Bay of Pigs Invasion Bay of Pigs Invasion Using Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro, failed Using Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro, failed Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis Nukes discovered in Cuba Nukes discovered in Cuba 13 day stand off – FEAR!!! 13 day stand off – FEAR!!! Agreement made to remove missiles from Cuba and Turkey Agreement made to remove missiles from Cuba and Turkey

27. Cold War Continues Berlin Wall built – separates East and West Berlin Berlin Wall built – separates East and West Berlin Hot Line – direct phone line between Washington DC and Moscow Hot Line – direct phone line between Washington DC and Moscow Space Race Continues Space Race Continues US will put a man on the moon by the end of the 1960’s US will put a man on the moon by the end of the 1960’s

35. War in Vietnam

36. Origins of War Ho Chi Minh and Communist army win independence from France Ho Chi Minh and Communist army win independence from France Geneva Accords - Split Geneva Accords - Split North communist – South Free (United States) North communist – South Free (United States) Ngo Dinh Diem took control of South in ’55 Ngo Dinh Diem took control of South in ’55 Anti-Communist Anti-Communist Anti-Buddhist – Pro-Catholic Anti-Buddhist – Pro-Catholic

37. Monks protesting the harsh treatment of Buddhists under Diem

38. Origins of War continued… Communists in the south organize and form the Vietcong Communists in the south organize and form the Vietcong US had big fear of the Domino Theory – one country falls many will follow US had big fear of the Domino Theory – one country falls many will follow Kennedy sends troops to help the south Kennedy sends troops to help the south Nov. 1, 1963 the South Vietnamese army staged a coup – overthrow the government Nov. 1, 1963 the South Vietnamese army staged a coup – overthrow the government Assassinated Diem Assassinated Diem

39. Conflict Continues President Lyndon B. Johnson takes over after the death of JFK President Lyndon B. Johnson takes over after the death of JFK Sec. of Defense Robert McNamara Sec. of Defense Robert McNamara “I don’t think it’s worth fighting for, but I don’t think we can get out.” “I don’t think it’s worth fighting for, but I don’t think we can get out.” US ships attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin US ships attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin LBJ now has a good reason to fight LBJ now has a good reason to fight US involvement begins to escalate – gradually increase US involvement begins to escalate – gradually increase 180,000 in ’65 to 500,000 in ‘67 180,000 in ’65 to 500,000 in ‘67

40. Combat in Vietnam Guerilla Warfare – jungles, tunnels, trails Guerilla Warfare – jungles, tunnels, trails Ho Chi Minh Trail – main supply route Ho Chi Minh Trail – main supply route The US began search – and – destroy missions – find the enemy and wipe them out The US began search – and – destroy missions – find the enemy and wipe them out Backed by jets and helicopters Backed by jets and helicopters Napalm – liquid fire Napalm – liquid fire Agent Orange – herbicide - chemical warfare Agent Orange – herbicide - chemical warfare North Vietnamese/Vietcong frustrated the US by constantly out numbering them North Vietnamese/Vietcong frustrated the US by constantly out numbering them Pres. Johnson – “Can we win this war?” Pres. Johnson – “Can we win this war?”

46. Southeast Asia Map

47. Attack on American Ships Jan. 23, 1968 USS Pueblo, a US spy ship and its crew are captured Jan. 23, 1968 USS Pueblo, a US spy ship and its crew are captured This attack shocked America This attack shocked America “A US boat had been defeated” “A US boat had been defeated”

48. The Tet Offensive Jan 31, 1968 (Vietnamese New Year - Tet) Jan 31, 1968 (Vietnamese New Year - Tet) North Vietnamese/Vietcong targeted southern bases and major cities (Saigon) North Vietnamese/Vietcong targeted southern bases and major cities (Saigon) Vietcong drove deep into southern territory Vietcong drove deep into southern territory America launched a strong counter attack and was able to push the Vietcong north America launched a strong counter attack and was able to push the Vietcong north Major turning point in the war Major turning point in the war Why? Why? 1 st war shown on live television 1 st war shown on live television

49. “Peace is at Hand” Removal of over 450,000 US troops Removal of over 450,000 US troops 1 st peace talks failed 1 st peace talks failed South Vietnamese president did not want Northern troops in his country South Vietnamese president did not want Northern troops in his country Nixon reelected Nixon reelected One final round of bombings One final round of bombings Jan. 27, 1973 – Peace Treaty signed Jan. 27, 1973 – Peace Treaty signed

50. North Vietnam Continues North Vietnamese army does not stop North Vietnamese army does not stop Saigon fell on April 20, 1975 Saigon fell on April 20, 1975 Communism takes over Vietnam Communism takes over Vietnam

52. Legacy of the War 1.4 million Vietnamese died 1.4 million Vietnamese died 58,000 Americans died – 300,000 wounded 58,000 Americans died – 300,000 wounded 2.7 million served 2.7 million served No hero’s welcome No hero’s welcome Many MIA’s (Missing in Action) – never found Many MIA’s (Missing in Action) – never found Vietnam War Memorial Vietnam War Memorial

53. Easing the Cold War Nixon wanted a more stable world Nixon wanted a more stable world Détente – easing international tensions Détente – easing international tensions Balance of power Balance of power Nixon wanted to visit China Nixon wanted to visit China US ping-pong team invited to China (1971) US ping-pong team invited to China (1971) 1972 Nixon goes to China – trade/diplomacy 1972 Nixon goes to China – trade/diplomacy Nixon takes trip to Soviet Union Nixon takes trip to Soviet Union Begins trade, Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (Salt 1) Begins trade, Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (Salt 1)

54. The Soviet Union Gorbachev – Gorbachev – New leader, open to new ideas New leader, open to new ideas “people want independence, democracy, and social justice” “people want independence, democracy, and social justice” $ needed for people not military $ needed for people not military Protests in many communist countries Protests in many communist countries

55. Cold War Conclusion Berlin wall comes down Berlin wall comes down A failed coup in the Soviet Union sets the stage for democracy A failed coup in the Soviet Union sets the stage for democracy Gorbachev announces the break up of the Sov. Un. Gorbachev announces the break up of the Sov. Un. UN pledges to assist newly formed countries UN pledges to assist newly formed countries

59. Middle Eastern Involvement Camp David Accords Camp David Accords Iranian Hostage Crisis Iranian Hostage Crisis Iran-Iraq War Iran-Iraq War Lebanon Lebanon Persian Gulf War Persian Gulf War

60. September 11, 2001 Terrorism – the use of violence or threats for political purposes Terrorism – the use of violence or threats for political purposes 19 terrorists hijacked 4 commercial jets 19 terrorists hijacked 4 commercial jets 2 hit the twin towers in NY 2 hit the twin towers in NY 1 hit the pentagon in DC 1 hit the pentagon in DC 1 crashed into a field in Pennsylvania 1 crashed into a field in Pennsylvania Led by Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda Led by Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda 2,998 people killed 2,998 people killed 1 st major attack on US soil since Pearl Harbor 1 st major attack on US soil since Pearl Harbor

61. Post 9/11 Era Nation/World-wide fear of terrorism Nation/World-wide fear of terrorism Airport security Airport security Prejudice of Muslims Prejudice of Muslims Wave of terror all around the world Wave of terror all around the world G.W. Bush – “War on Terror” G.W. Bush – “War on Terror” Patriotism!!! Patriotism!!!

62. War in Afghanistan Began Oct. 7, 2001 – US/NATO forces invade Began Oct. 7, 2001 – US/NATO forces invade Response to 9/11 Response to 9/11 Remove terrorist gov’t, Remove terrorist gov’t, find bin Laden (killed) May 2, 2011 find bin Laden (killed) May 2, 2011 US/NATO forces removed gov’t but Taliban/Al-Qaeda are still a big threat US/NATO forces removed gov’t but Taliban/Al-Qaeda are still a big threat

63. War in Iraq March 20, 2003 – US/Great Britain invade March 20, 2003 – US/Great Britain invade Saddam violates UN resolutions Saddam violates UN resolutions Overthrow dictator – Saddam Hussein (Executed) Overthrow dictator – Saddam Hussein (Executed) Weapons of Mass Destruction - never found Weapons of Mass Destruction - never found US is trying to set up a democracy – stabilize US is trying to set up a democracy – stabilize As of Dec 18, 2011 troops withdrawn As of Dec 18, 2011 troops withdrawn