1. SCYCLE OPERATING UNIT POM, WEEE Generated & Flows in various EU Countries Tallinn, October 1, 2015 Jaco Huisman – Huisman [at] unu.edu

2. Key projects/ activities: Best-of-2-Worlds (CN, 2004-2012) Policy review on EU WEEE Directive (EU, 2007) E-waste Academies (Global) Global E-waste Monitor (2014) CWIT (Countering WEEE Illegal Trade, EU 2013-2015) Common methodology new EU collection targets (EU, 2015) ProSUM (Prospecting Secondary Raw Materials, 2015-2017) Hosting StEP Secretariat: Solving the e-waste problem, see: www.step-initiative.org United Nations University SCYCLE Team

3. The world of electronics > 650 product type 6 waste streams

4. Different products, unique approach 4

5. To calculate WEEE Generated: Note: Life span distribution = the probability of a product batch becoming waste over time Lifespan models when the consumer decide to dispose the product, even in the case of preparation for reuse Lifespan created trough Consumer surveys in some MS (can be refined in the future) WEEE Generated = the amount of discarded products (waste) due to national consumption from a national territory (POM) in a given reporting year prior any activity (collection, preparation for reuse, treatment or export).

6. Lifespan examples (year of sale is 2012) DIFFERENT Products DIFFERENT Markets DIFFERENT Generation DIFFERENT Products DIFFERENT Markets DIFFERENT Generation

8. Global E-waste Monitor 2014 See http://step-initiative. org/index.php/WorldMap.html for the Global E-waste Monitor Data Summary Reporthttp://step-initiative. org/index.php/WorldMap.html

9. E-waste generation worldwide 9

10. E-waste generated in 2014 (pro-capita) >21 kg/inh 7 to 14 kg/inh < 7 kg/inh 14 to 21 kg/inh Europe: 15.6 kg/inh Oceania: 15.2 kg/inh Africa: 1.7 kg/inh +11% annually! Asia: 3.7 kg/inh +10% annually! Americas: 12.2 kg/inh

11. Domestic E-waste Generated 2014 (total)

12. The Socio-economic impact 12

13. EU country studies Identified Critical Factors for target setting and monitoring progress Methodology Consolidated in 5+ years of country studies: Basis for DG-ENV Art.7 Study Basis for 1 st Global E-waste Monitor 2014 13 POM, Stock, WG and all Compl. Flows 2 nd consumer + business survey incl. collection% per UNU key (B2B+B2C) POM, Stock, WG Business survey all B2B+B2C UNU-keys POM, Stock, WG, Compl. Flows Recyclers market survey all B2C + selected B2B UNU-keys POM, Stock and WEEE Consumer survey all B2C UNU-keys POM, WG Evaluating national POM + WG model selected B2C UNU-keys @work

14. This is the Urban Mine (Data Belgium 2011) How much do you have at home? Total: > 79 EEE products + 47 Lamps/Luminaires per HH (B2C) // + 36 EEE per HH outside home (B2B) Total Stock = 263 kg/inh. Attic : 1.0 Central Heating/ boiler 0.03 Sunbeds 2 Other Lamps 1 Energy saving lamp 2 TL lamps 3 Luminaires Work/ hobby room 6.0 Mice, keyboards, external drives, etc. 0.8 Desktops0.8 Laptops/tablets 1.1 Printers1.4 Phone sets 3.5 Mobile phones0.4 CRT Monitors 0.7 LCD Monitors1.1 Cameras 2 Other lamps1 Energy saving lamps 3 Luminaires0.2 Exercise equipment `Bed roomKids room 0.9 CRT TVs2 Other lamps 2 Other lamps1 Energy saving lamp 1 Energy saving lamps 3 Luminaires 3 Luminaires5.2 Electr. Toys 1 Smoke alarm0.5 Game Consoles 0.7 Smoke alarms Bath room 5.9 Shavers, elec. toothbrushes hairfohns, etc. 2 Other lamps 1 Energy saving lamps 3 Luminaires 1.3 Thermometers/ bloodpressure meters Living room 0.07 Aircons5 Small households appliances: Clocks, adapters, chargers, etc. 2.2 Remote Controls, headphones, etc. 2.2 Radio’s/Mp3 4.0 Audio/HiFi compon. 1.9 DVD/ VCRs2.3 Speaker sets 0.9 LCD TV’s4 Other lamps 2 Energy saving lamps6 Luminaires Kitchen 0.6 Dishwashers0.8 Ovens/furnaces 1.1 Ventilators/ hoods1.0 Magnetrons 1.4 Fridges 0.1 Icemakers, etc. 6.8 Small kitchen appliances: Blenders, mixers, frying pans, cooking plates, grills, toasters, etc 2.0 Coffee/ water cookers 2 Other lamps 1 Energy saving lamp3 Luminaires SculleryGarden/garage 1.0 Washing mach. 2.2 Other lamps 0.6 Dryers3.7 Energy sav. lamps 0.6 Freezers 3.2 Luminaires 3.9 Irons, scales, 6.6 Drills, lawn adapters, etc.mowers, saws, 1.6 Vac. cleanershedges, high pressure 2.8 TL lampscleaners, etc.

15. http://isp.unu.edu/publications/scycle/files/Dutch_WEEE_Flows.pdf 2012 ‘The Future Flows’ Study 2010 WEEE mass balance over The Netherlands

16. 11% 32% 28% 19% 10% http://isp.unu.edu/publications/scycle/files/Dutch_WEEE_Flows.pdf E-scrap generation 23.7 kg/inh. E-scrap generation 23.7 kg/inh. 2012 ‘The Future Flows’ Study 2010 WEEE mass balance over The Netherlands

17. Country Studies: ITA, NLD, BEL, FRA Data (all in kg/inh) BEL 2013 NLD 2012/2014 * ITA 2012 FRA 2013 PRT 2013 Note EEE PoM 26,225,5 * 21,6 (B2C)23 (B2C)15.3 ** ** PRT: year on year large fluctuations Stock EEE 260275 * 220 (B2C)245 (B2C)225 WG 22,423,3 * 16,3 *** (B2C) +/- 20 (B2C) 17.3 ***ITA: excl. lamps Reported Formal 10,57,54,36,93.8 **** ****2012 Complementary 2,76,6> 6,9> 3,1unknown Export EEE > 0,62,7> 0,7unknown Export WEEE > 0,3< 0,8> 0,7> 1,8unknown MSW 1,52,31,6 – 2,321.5 **** ****2012 Unidentified +/- 6,81,9 – 5,1+/- 6,03 to 9unknown ITA, PRT no downstream investigation 17 Formal(s) alone currently does not suffice Complementary streams play a crucial role Joint efforts (stakeholders) are needed to: Investigate and track downstream Identify missing flows Joint efforts (stakeholders) are needed to: Investigate and track downstream Identify missing flows

18. Challenges under WEEE Recast 18 2012-2015 4 kg/ab or Average 3 preceeding years 2016-2018 45% PoM (3 preceeding years) From 2019 65% PoM (3 preceeding years) Or 85% WG Including B2B

19. 1. From 4 kg/ inh.  % based target 2. Primary responsibility to the Member States Development Methodology & Tool Task A Methodology WEEE generated by weight Task B Methodology EEE POM by weight Impact analysis & target implementation Task C Assess collection target for individual collection categories Task D Analyze implementing difficulties, deadlines and collection rate basis Data, information and model outcome “How to meet the upcoming collection target?” 2011-2014: WEEE Directive Art. 7, Common Methodology

20. EU context & Member States role 20 Directive 2012/19/EU National Transpositions ….. WEEE Art. 7 WEEE Art. 11 Exporting Conditions WEEE Art. 16.3 EC Studies Life-span TARGET Implementation Compliance Schemes Other Economic Operators Waste Bin Re-Use Loops Export for ReUse, Treatment Waste Generated (Tool + current estim.) A Data Quality TARGET Setting C D Reporting Framework ACHIEVEMENT Put on Market B Data Quality Member State Responsibility Study Context EC Activities

21. EU WEEE flows, 2012 85%

22. Tools and experiences from country studies UNU can assist in: Set-up national research consortia ‘Harmonized’ E-waste classification Templates for (consumer) surveys Provide national WEEE Generated Model + training and visualisation aid POM data from national stat./ Eurostat Ad-hoc tools also for share individual compliance schemes in national totals International benchmark POM, WEEE, Collected & Treated Evaluating WEEE complementary flows Advice on collection interventions 22

23. Conclusions Irrespective the target mechanism (POM or WG), it’s crucial to understand where flows are ending up Proper tracking and accountability of flows is key for target achievement On-the-ground research is needed to map flows Better informed decision making :

24. Country support: UNU Country studies: http://isp.unu.edu/publications/scycle/index.html Global e-scrap data: http://step-initiative.org/index.php/WorldMap.html http://ias.unu.edu/en/research/e-waste- quantification.html#outputs Capacity Building: StEP E-waste Academies: For academia: http://step-initiative.org/index.php/ewas.html For policy makers, managers: http://step-initiative.org/index.php/ewam.html Policy advice: Countering WEEE Illegal Trade: www.cwit-project.eu What UNU can offer: Individual data requests: huisman@unu.edu

25. Extra slides Ecolum Proposal 25

26. Starting Point: Official Reported Performances (2012, Eurostat data) 26 Ecolum Proposal 26 * 2010 Data 4kg

27. WEEE Ending up in Waste Bin (from CWIT preliminary results) 27 Ecolum Proposal 27 More investigation needed to identify flows and “divert” them from waste bin 4kg

28. WEEE Collected by other operators (Estimates) 28 Ecolum Proposal 28 Are those players reporting? How are those flows labeled (EWC) ? 4kg

29. Gap to Future Targets (?): POM or WG based 29 Ecolum Proposal WEEE Generated in MS is certainly “more” than the amount actually officially collected and reported Certain gaps are easier to fill, other are not..!! Targets will have to be defined (WG or POM based) Actions are needed to comply with future targets 4kg