1. CHAPTER 2 SECTION 4 SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES

2. MAIN IDEA & WHY IT MATTERS
Crash Course US HIstory #4
The Dutch settle New Netherland
English Quakers led by William Penn settle Pennsylvania.
The principles of tolerance and equality promoted in the Quaker settlement remain fundamental values in America.

3. ONE AMERICAN’S STORY
“For matters of liberty and privilege, I propose that which is extraordinary, and [I intend] to leave myself and successors no power for doing mischief, [in order] that the will of one man may not hinder the good of a whole country; but to publish those things now and here, as matters stand, would not be wise ”
—William Penn - quoted in A New World
How did William Penn’s father enable him to establish the colony of Pennsylvania?
Why did Penn want to establish a colonial government run on Quaker principles?
How was Penn’s colonial government different than Jamestown & Massachusetts Bay Colony?

4. THE DUTCH FOUND NEW NETHERLANDS
Diverse Colony
1609 Dutch settled along Hudson river
Established fur trade and trading post in present day Albany.
1621: Dutch gov’t gave permission to Dutch West India Company to colonize ‘New Netherlands’ & expand fur trade.
included NY & NJ
New Amsterdam (NYC) was capital

5. Diverse Colony
Dutch West India Company encouraged settlers to move to New Netherlands.
Dutch, Germans, Scandinavians, Africans (free & enslaved)
All religions welcomed: Protestants, Catholics, Jews, Muslims
Known as ‘Great Confusion of Tongues’
Dutch & Native Americans traded and got along well.

6. English Takeover
England says there is a ‘Dutch Wedge’ between NE & Mid-Atlantic colonies.
Duke of York (James II) ordered by King of England (Charles II) to invade colony and drive Dutch out.
Most settlers refused to fight against British
Stuyvesant (Dutch gov.) signed colony over to ‘Duke of York’- who eventually became King James II.
‘Duke of York’ renamed colony New York
gave friends lands west of Hudson
Named New Jersey.

7. THE QUAKERS SETTLE PENNSYLVANIA
King Charles II owed money to supporters in England. (e.g. William Penn’s father was owed 16,000 pounds)
Instead of money, King Charles II gave William Penn, a Quaker, a large property in America and asked that William name the colony after his father: Pennsylvania.

8. What’s a Quaker?
Quakers: believed that God’s ‘inner light’ shined on everyone.
Services held without formal ministers
People could speak during service if the ‘Holy Spirit’ moved them
dressed in plain clothes
Refused to submit to persons of ‘rank’
opposed war & refused to serve in British military
Persecuted in Britain for religious views.

9. Penn’s ‘Holy Experiment
Penn wanted a society based on Quaker ideals.
‘Holy Experiment’ was to create a colony that had absolutely NO LANDOWNING ARISTOCRACY.
Every adult male received 50 acres of land All men could vote
Government would be a ‘representative assembly’ which supported ‘religious freedom’.
Capital of Pennsylvania was called Philadelphia
‘The City of Brotherly Love’

10. Native American Relations
Penn believed - people approached in friendship would respond in friendship.
The Delaware Natives inhabited the land in the Pennsylvania colony
The Delaware received letter from Penn
Said that Penn respected them and wanted to purchase land from them.
Penn regulated trade between Natives and settlers to ensure trade was fair
Court made up of colonists & Natives created to settle differences
Relationship between settlers & Natives was peaceful for 50 years.

11. A Thriving Colony
Penn needed to attract settlers to ensure the colony would thrive.
(farmers, builders, traders)
Advertised throughout Western Europe.
Signs in German, French, & Dutch in newspapers.
Settlers came in high numbers
thousands of Germans
Had craft skills, and farming techniques
Penn would never profit from his colony and died in poverty.
Quakers were outnumbered and slavery was eventually brought to the colony.
Principles of equality, cooperation, and religious tolerance would eventually become the fundamental values of the new American nation.

12. THE 13 AMERICAN COLONIES Colony Founded Economic Activity
Massachusetts
Plymouth 1620 / Mass. Bay 1630
Shipbuilding, shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, meat products
New Hampshire
1623
Ship masts, lumber, fishing, trade
Connecticut
1636
Shipping, livestock, foodstuffs
Rhode Island
Rum, iron foundries, shipbuilding, snuff, livestock
New York
1625
Furs, wheat, glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, shipbuilding, rum, beer, snuff
Delaware
1638
Trade, foodstuffs
New Jersey
1664
Trade, foodstuffs, copper
Pennsylvania
1681
Flour, foodstuffs, paper, iron, wheat, flax, shipbuilding
Virginia
1607
Tobacco, wheat, cattle, iron
Maryland
1632
Tobacco, wheat, snuff
North Carolina
1663
Naval supplies, tobacco, furs
South Carolina
Rice, indigo, silk
Georgia
1732
Indigo, rice, naval supplies, lumber