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2. Challenges facing tertiary institutions in participating and contributing to African aviation Sunil Maharaj DEAN University of Pretoria

3. AGENDA Our Global Competitiveness National Development Plan and HEI The Bottleneck – a broader view Food for thought Conclusion

4. Research and Development is the cornerstone !

5. Global Competitiveness Index 2014 - 2015 Mauritius, Rwanda and South Africa (burgundy red) while Botswana and Morocca (ligher red) are relatively more competitive

6. 12 Pillars for competitiveness  The most worrying is that Africa is underperforming in Education and Public Health  54% of African employers state that job seeker’s skills do not match their needs Ref: Africa 2015 WEF Competitiveness Report

7. 7 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16082 (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010, USA) Value Proposition of doing Postgraduate Studies Graduate School (ie. Postgrad.)

8. Ref: DHET Jan 2015 Research Outputs Report

10. 10 National Development Plan Targets  Based on 2013 data SA produces 2051 PhD graduates  This implies 38 PhD graduates per million of population Industry must see the HCD value proposition and buy in!

11. 11 National Development Plan Targets  Based on 2013 data SA produces 2051 PhD graduates  This implies 38 PhD graduates per million of population  In Comparison:  UK 288 PhD’s per million  USA 201 PhD’s per million  Korea 187 PhD’s per million Industry must see the HCD value proposition and buy in!

12. 12 National Development Plan Targets  Based on 2013 data SA produces 2051 PhD graduates  This implies about 38 PhD graduates per million of population  In Comparison:  UK 288 PhD’s per million  USA 201 PhD’s per million  Korea 187 PhD’s per million  SA’s target for 2030 is 5000 PhD’s  This implies approx. 100 PhD’s per million of population  Majority needs to be in SET for SA to be a leading innovator Industry must see the HCD value proposition and buy in!

13. GERD in South Africa SOUTH AFRICA VALUE 2008/092009/10 Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D - GERD (Rand Millions)21 041.020 954.7 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market prices (Rand Millions) 2 283 8222 395 967 GERD as a percentage of GDP0.920.87 Civil GERD as a percentage of GDP 0.870.82 Total R&D personnel (FTE) a 30 801.530 891.3 Total researchers (FTE) b 19 384.319 793.1 Total researchers per 1000 total employment (FTE)1.41.5 Total R&D personnel per 1000 total employment (FTE)2.22.3 Total researchers (headcount)39 95540 797 Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers b 39.740.8 National Survey of Research and Experimental Development, DST. Pg. 5

14. Comparator Countries Scientific Research in India. ISTIP Bulletin No 3.

15. Increasing Scientific Activity of Emerging Economies: Another major cause behind the global publication growth can be seen from the increasing scientific activity of emerging economies. The figure provides evidence for this statement. BRICKS countries. Scientific Research in India. ISTIP Bulletin No 3. P8

16. South Africa’s investment into R&D in 2009-10 (0.87% of GDP) Business sector on R&D spent R11.1b (9.7% decline) Higher education spent R5.1b Government spent R4.5b Non-profit sector spent R189m International funding for R&D was R2.5b Year% of GDP 2007-80.93 2008-90.92 2009-100.87 Target of 2% set for R&D by 2018?

17. South Korea  Around 1965 (50 years ago) South Korea poorer than Mozambique  5.2% of public spending to R&D  224 universities (174 are private) for 48m population  GERD as % of GDP is 3.5% (in 2012)  Joined OECD club of rich industrialized countries

18. Research in Germany  Almost 1000 public and publicly funded institutions of science, research and development  More than 500 research and innovation networks and clusters  590 000 R&D staff  In 2012:  almost 2/3 of research funding was provided by industry  18% invested in higher education institutions

19. Where is the bottleneck?

20. Broader view Relatively small fraction of people in South Africa educated at tertiary level: ≈ 18% tertiary participation (2011) A sobering view: “ Of the 1 277 499 grade 1 children who enrolled in the country’s schools in 2003, 705 680 had dropped out before they were due to matriculate in 2014...”

21. GRADE200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014 Grade 11 277 4991 303 0161 233 5811 186 0111 172 6591 122 1141 105 1861 116 8991 177 0891 208 9731 222 8511 235 901 Grade 21 111 8581 109 2011 118 6901 082 5011 051 2551 031 8211 003 071994 4101 003 3531 074 7881 116 4271 149 894 Grade 31 003 3311 081 9561 078 0011 100 1501 067 6841 017 6561 003 394972 668957 209967 3731 025 1851 073 447 Grade 4952 465985 1391 061 7701 073 6041 091 5941 050 8601 018 4501 002 645974 860966 349964 6301 036 378 Grade 51 035 707916 911951 3721 026 7791 036 1631 043 0121 007 928978 983957 203939 025923 562929 735 Grade 61 101 740997 365898 493920 1871 002 2661 001 8521 011 105978 016946 427935 446909 095894 517 Grade 7987 8761 050 554972 542872 693896 545964 345969 519980 747941 291912 528902 099875 311 Grade 8976 7501 010 7101 052 4991 021 377930 522926 603989 6091 001 1801 008 110971 509942 345935 624 Grade 9902 129914 729930 797971 493958 009902 656925 4171 009 3271 049 9041 096 1131 073 0601 048 823 Grade 101 096 2141 057 9351 069 4941 093 7501 116 7651 076 5271 016 3601 039 7621 094 1891 103 4951 146 2851 139 872 Grade 11736 720829 137839 009890 902920 716902 752880 515841 815847 738874 331834 611897 342 Grade 12475 069505 392538 909568 930626 358595 216599 626579 384534 498551 837597 196571 819 TOTAL11 442 71011 574 43711 657 35811 762 04511 745 15711 808 37711 870 53611 635 41411 530 18011 601 76711 657 34611 788 663 Number of children that started Grade 1 in 2003 and who then matriculated in 2014 SOURCE: From 2014 School Realities report as on www.education.gov.za

22. School Drop Outs 2012 & 2014 Drop Outs in 2012Drop Outs in 2014 598 800705 680 The number increased by 106 880!

25. 25 South Africa: Tertiary Enrolments (CHE Vital Statistics 2011)

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28. Opportunities SKA Gartner predicts that 4.4 million jobs in Data Science and Big Data Analytics Aviation Industry embracing new technology SA Civil Aviation claims 6200 pilots and 200 aircraft engineers by 2021 etc……

29. ISSUES  Funding for tertiary educational institutions  Funding to students from low income groups  Strengthening tripartite arrangement: Industry – Academia – Government

30. ISSUES  Funding for tertiary educational institutions  Funding to students from low income groups  Strengthening tripartite arrangement: Industry – Academia – Government  Re-engineering the primary/secondary education landscape  Changing the risk averse culture (TIA, IDC, SEDA, etc..)  Fostering the culture of entrepreneurship

31. ISSUES  Funding for tertiary educational institutions  Funding to students from low income groups  Strengthening tripartite arrangement: Industry – Academia – Government  Re-engineering the primary/secondary education landscape  Changing the risk averse culture (TIA, IDC, SEDA, etc..)  Fostering the culture of entrepreneurship  Value proposition to industry in working with HEI

32. ISSUES  Funding for tertiary educational institutions  Funding to students from low income groups  Strengthening tripartite arrangement: Industry – Academia – Government  Re-engineering the primary/secondary education landscape  Changing the risk averse culture (TIA, IDC, SEDA, etc..)  Fostering the culture of entrepreneurship  Value proposition to industry in working with HEI  Culture of long term investment (vis-a-vis short term bonus!)  Legislation / contractual obligation to invest into HCD at tertiary institution  Tax incentives to industry  etc……

34. Let Africa be our world for now!

35. Conclusion The opportunities are great but we collectively must address the skills needed for the Knowledge Economy

36. Thank You