1. High Middle Ages The Rise of Culture

2. Universities Develop Universities began as learning guilds Universities began as learning guilds Learning Guild: Learning Guild: Association of people organized for the purpose of learning & teaching Association of people organized for the purpose of learning & teaching

3. Universities Develop Limited to subjects such as theology, law & medicine Limited to subjects such as theology, law & medicine Development of Academic Degrees: Development of Academic Degrees: B.A., M.A., Ph.D. B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

4. Scholasticism Intellectual movement that attempted to reconcile faith & reason Intellectual movement that attempted to reconcile faith & reason Faith: Church teachings Faith: Church teachings Reason: Aristotle’s logic Reason: Aristotle’s logic

5. Vernacular Literature Vernacular: the language of everyday speech Vernacular: the language of everyday speech Instead of using Latin, people began to speak the language that had developed in their own countries Instead of using Latin, people began to speak the language that had developed in their own countries

6. Vernacular Literature Gave each kingdom a separate identity Gave each kingdom a separate identity Made literature accessible to more people Made literature accessible to more people

7. Vernacular Writers Dante Alighieri (13th Century Poet) Dante Alighieri (13th Century Poet) Father of modern Italian Father of modern Italian

8. Vernacular Writers Divine ComedyDivine Comedy Describes an imaginary journey from hell to heaven Describes an imaginary journey from hell to heaven Reflects values of the time & criticizes society Reflects values of the time & criticizes society

10. Geoffrey Chaucer (14th Century Writer) Geoffrey Chaucer (14th Century Writer) Father of modern English Father of modern English Vernacular Writers

11. Canterbury TalesCanterbury Tales Describes a group of pilgrims who tell stories to amuse one another while on their way to Thomas Beckett’s shrine Describes a group of pilgrims who tell stories to amuse one another while on their way to Thomas Beckett’s shrine Vernacular Writers

12. Medieval Architecture

13. Early Medieval Architecture Romanesque Architecture

14. Early Architecture Characteristics: Characteristics: Rounded arches Rounded arches Barrel vaults Barrel vaults Thick walls Thick walls Darker, simplistic interiors Darker, simplistic interiors Small windows, usually at the top of the walls Small windows, usually at the top of the walls

15. Romanesque Floor Plan

16. St. Filibert, France

17. Romanesque Cathedral: Interior

18. Later Medieval Architecture Gothic Architecture

19. Later Architecture Gothic Style: Gothic Style: Pointed arches Pointed arches Flying buttresses Flying buttresses Stained glass windows Stained glass windows Rose windows Rose windows Elaborate, ornate interior Elaborate, ornate interior Taller, more airy  lots of light Taller, more airy  lots of light Lavish sculpture Lavish sculpture

20. Later Architecture Gothic Symbolism? Gothic Symbolism? General floor plan in the shape of a cross General floor plan in the shape of a cross With high walls & pointed arches, everything appeared to be pointing towards heaven With high walls & pointed arches, everything appeared to be pointing towards heaven

21. The Gothic Cathedral

22. Notre Dame Cathedral Paris

23. Gothic Floor Plan

24. Interior of Cathedral

26. St. Etienne, Bourges “Flying” Buttresses

27. Flying Buttress

28. Chartres Cathedral, Paris The “Pillar” People

29. Cathedral Gargoyles

30. Stained Glass Windows

31. Rose Windows

32. Which Interior?

33. Which Vault?

34. Which Exterior?