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High Medieval Civilization (1000-1350)
The Revival of Urban Life, Towns, and Commerce (Northern Italy/Flanders) Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals Scholasticism and the Birth of Universities (University of Paris, Bologna, Oxford, Salamanca) Lay Literature: Epics and Courtly Romances (Marie de France)
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Monumental Cathedrals in the High Middle Ages
Romanesque (Eleventh Century) Gothic (Twelfth Century)
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The Gothic style developed as a result of the application of religion and philosophy to art and architecture.
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Medieval Church Architecture
I. Romanesque Architecture (Speyer Cathedral, s; Pisa ) II. Gothic Architecture: Intellectual Context of the Twelfth Century III. The Material and Social Context
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II. Intellectual Context of the Twelfth Century
1. Scholasticism Efforts to apply Logic to Faith/Religion St. Anselm ( ) provides a proof for the existence of God: “that than which nothing greater can be conceived” Anselm was the abbot of the Benedictian monastery of Bec and later archbishop of Canterbury. Considered by some as the first scholastic, he produced a serious of proofs for the existence of God. His motto was “faith seeking understanding (fides quaerens intellectum).”
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Thomas Aquinas (1225-74) A Dominican Friar Wrote the Summa Theologica
Five Proofs for the existence of God drew on Aristotle’s principles of being
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Aquinas Five Proofs First Mover Prime Cause Necessary Being
Greatest Being Intelligent Designer
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2. Neo-Platonism and Celestial Hierarchies, (Pseudo-Dionysius c. 400s)
Abbot Suger c. 1122 Emanation (the radiation of God/the Divine) The Choir of St. Denis
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Elements of Gothic Architecture
Pointed Arch Ribbed Vault Flying Buttress Walls of Stained Glass Windows
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III. Social and Economic Context
1. The Cult of Mary and Pilgrimage Relic of Mary’s tunic from the annunciation 2. Guilds and Merchant Guilt Artisan and Merchant Associations to regulate production and commerce “It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of Heaven.” Matthew 19:24
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