1. High Medieval Civilization (1000-1350)
The Revival of Urban Life, Towns, and Commerce (Northern Italy/Flanders)
Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals
Scholasticism and the Birth of Universities (University of Paris, Bologna, Oxford, Salamanca)
Lay Literature: Epics and Courtly Romances (Marie de France)

2. Monumental Cathedrals in the High Middle Ages
Romanesque (Eleventh Century)
Gothic (Twelfth Century)

3. The Gothic style developed as a result of the application of religion and philosophy to art and architecture.

4. Medieval Church Architecture
I. Romanesque Architecture (Speyer Cathedral, s; Pisa )
II. Gothic Architecture: Intellectual Context of the Twelfth Century
III. The Material and Social Context

14. II. Intellectual Context of the Twelfth Century
1. Scholasticism
Efforts to apply Logic to Faith/Religion
St. Anselm ( ) provides a proof for the existence of God: “that than which nothing greater can be conceived”
Anselm was the abbot of the Benedictian monastery of Bec and later archbishop of Canterbury. Considered by some as the first scholastic, he produced a serious of proofs for the existence of God. His motto was “faith seeking understanding (fides quaerens intellectum).”

15. Thomas Aquinas (1225-74) A Dominican Friar Wrote the Summa Theologica
Five Proofs for the existence of God drew on Aristotle’s principles of being

16. Aquinas Five Proofs First Mover Prime Cause Necessary Being
Greatest Being
Intelligent Designer

17. 2. Neo-Platonism and Celestial Hierarchies, (Pseudo-Dionysius c. 400s)
Abbot Suger c. 1122
Emanation (the radiation of God/the Divine)
The Choir of St. Denis

18. Elements of Gothic Architecture
Pointed Arch
Ribbed Vault
Flying Buttress
Walls of Stained Glass Windows

33. III. Social and Economic Context
1. The Cult of Mary and Pilgrimage
Relic of Mary’s tunic from the annunciation
2. Guilds and Merchant Guilt
Artisan and Merchant Associations to regulate production and commerce
“It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of Heaven.” Matthew 19:24