1. Writing, Chemistry and the Four Skills: Trends and Directions Steven Graham Language Center Udon Thani Rajabhat University Thailand

2. Writing, Chemistry and the Four Skills: Trends and Directions Introduction Introduction Background to English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and this study Background to English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and this study The move from one to four skills The move from one to four skills Trialling of materials Trialling of materials Discussion Discussion

3. Introduction Language Center Language Center Chemistry students Chemistry students Writing course Writing course Four skills development Four skills development English for Science Teachers English for Science Teachers

4. Background to ESP ( Hutchinson & Waters 1987 )

5. Background to ESP ( Dubin & Olshtain 1986 )

6. Background to this Study The Systems Approach to Training ( Training Support Publications 1993)

7. Background to this Study Graves’ Framework Components ( Graves 1996a ) Needs assessment Needs assessment Determining goals and objectives Determining goals and objectives Conceptionalising content Conceptionalising content Selecting and developing materials and activities Selecting and developing materials and activities Organisation of content and activities Organisation of content and activities Evaluation Evaluation Consideration of resources and constraints Consideration of resources and constraints

8. Background to this Study Johnson’s Process of Course Development for the Teacher ( Graves 1996b )

9. The Move From One to Four Skills Product and process approach Product and process approach Presentation of a very simple experiment Presentation of a very simple experiment Skimming, scanning and context for reading and listening Skimming, scanning and context for reading and listening Metacognitive strategy Metacognitive strategy Scaffolding Scaffolding Classroom and learner centred Classroom and learner centred

10. Trialling of New Materials Professor Carol McGuinness ( Nimkannon 2007 ) Learning objectives. Learning objectives. Thinking activities. Thinking activities. Reflection or evaluation. Reflection or evaluation. Making connections of what they have just learned. Making connections of what they have just learned.

11. Discussion Gass’s model of SLA process ( Block (2003) cited by Dowling (2005) ) Apperceived input. Apperceived input. Comprehended input. Comprehended input. Intake. Intake. Integration. Integration. Output. Output.

12. Discussion Assessment Assessment Teachers Teachers Scaffolding Scaffolding Constructivism Constructivism Final Customer Needs Analysis Final Customer Needs Analysis The Future The Future

13. Writing, Chemistry and the Four Skills: Trends and Directions Steven Graham Language Center Udon Thani Rajabhat University Thailand Are there any questions?