1. SOLAR ENERGY Emily Crick, Rachael Hadden and Jordi Lluch

2. WHAT IS SOLAR ENERGY? ✕ Energy created and used from the sun ✕ Two types: solar thermal and solar photovoltaic ✕ Solar Thermal:  Used to heat water in households  Can also make steam which can generate electricity ✕ Solar Photovoltaic:  Conversion of sunlight directly into electricity with the use of photovoltaic cells  Can be installed on roofs, incorporated in building and vehicle designs

4. ADVANTAGES ✕ Sustainable and renewable resource ✕ Abundant ✕ Thermal and Photovoltaic ✕ Can be a part of the building ✕ Little maintenance ✕ Worldwide usage ✕ Tax credits

5. DISADVANTAGES ✕ Expensive facilities

6. DISADVANTAGES ✕ Not productive during night time ✕ Intermittency of sunlight ✕ Panels with a fixed location ✕ Rare and expensive materials ✕ Just 20% of sun rays converted to electricity

7. CURRENT USAGE

8. CURRENT USES OF SOLAR ENERGY ✕ Residential ✕ Industrial ✕ Commercial

9. WORLD from 2010 to 2014 ✕ Top 10 (units in GW): ✕ 1- Germany (9.8  35.5) ✕ 2- China (0.305  18.3) ✕ 3- Italy (1.2  17.6) ✕ 4- Japan (2.6  13.6) ✕ 5- USA (1.6  12) ✕ 6- Spain (3.4  5.6) ✕ 7- France (0.272  4.6) ✕ 8- Australia (0.125  3.3) ✕ 9- Belgium (0.363  3) ✕ 10- UK (0.027  2.9)

10. POLICIES TO INCENTIVIZE MORE USE ✕ New Jersey: requires 2.1% of all electricity come from solar energy sources by 2021 ✕ Other states use rebates, production incentives, and tax incentives, loan and grant programs ✕ Federal tax incentives:  there is a 30-percent federal investment tax credit (ITC) for solar energy systems  Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 ✕ State-level policy support and federal tax incentives in US  California leading in US

11. HOW BRIGHT A FUTURE FOR SOLAR ENERGY? ✕ Within the next 10-20 years solar energy is expected to become a main source of energy ✕ Global Warming advocates increased dependency ✕ Compete with fossil fuels as a key energy source(?)  Price of oil  Technology advances  Predisposition (politics, conflict of interests … )

12. EXAMPLE ✕ RiPASSO Energy (Sweden) claims to have developed a system that can convert 32% of solar energy into electricity

13. HOW BRIGHT A FUTURE FOR SPAIN? ✕ Attempting to scale back the production of solar power ✕ Many produce their own energy for less than what they would have paid the utility company ✕ Many can even produce more than what they need  sell to producers ✕ All solar panels now have to be hooked up to the grid to figure out how to tax it  If not  30 MILLION Euro fine ($40M)!!!

14. Interesting Website http://www.dsireusa.org/

15. SOURCES ✕ http://arena.gov.au/about-renewable-energy/solar-energy/ ✕ http://turbinegenerator.org/solar/history-solar-energy/solar-energy-today ✕ http://energyinformative.org/solar-energy-pros-and-cons/ ✕ http://www.tc.umn.edu/~dama0023/solar.html ✕ http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/danowitz2/ ✕ http://www.seia.org/about/solar-energy ✕ https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/solar-powers-bright-future ✕ http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/how-solar-energy- works.html#.VhblvflViko ✕ http://www.recgroup.com/en/tech/the-future-of-solar/ ✕ http://www.solarbuzz.com/going-solar/using/uses ✕ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2013/08/19/out-of-ideas-and-in-debt-spain-sets- sights-on-taxing-the-sun/ ✕ http://www.certificadosenergeticos.com/impuesto-energia-solar-peaje-respaldo ✕ http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=renewable_home http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=renewable_home ✕ http://www.seia.org/about/solar-energy/solar-faq/what-rebates-incentives-are-available-solar- energy http://www.seia.org/about/solar-energy/solar-faq/what-rebates-incentives-are-available-solar- energy

16. QUESTIONS?