1. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project B04-1 – Trigger Upgrade Overview Wesley Smith, U. Wisconsin L2 Manager, WBS 401.4 August 26, 2013 Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 1

2. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project L1 Upgrade TDR  Final presentation to LHCC was Tuesday June 11th  Public version of the TDR here: https://cds.cern.ch/record/1 556311  Approved! 26 August 2013, Wesley Smith CD-1 Review -- P05: Trigger Upgrade 2

3. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project  Physics priorities:  Measure all Higgs BR precisely as possible to confirm Standard Model or not ⇒ retain or improve current trigger capability critical  Want to be able to answer question of naturalness - whether or not there is new physics stabilizing Higgs mass o SUSY remains a leading candidate, but if so, must have light stops o Also must be able to trigger on & search for all variants (e.g. RPV with all hadronic final states) to draw a firm conclusion  Studied a set of benchmark physics channels  Looked at performance of these channels in 2012 analyses with & without L1 trigger upgrade at different luminosities o Based on a simplified trigger menu with a total rate < 100 kHz  Results summarized on next slide Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 3 Upgrade Trigger Physics Performance

4. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Process (x2 improvement highlighted) 1.1 x 10 34 cm –2 s –1 2.2 x 10 34 cm –2 s –1 CurrentUpgradeCurrentUpgrade W(e ),H(bb) 57.7%87.0%37.5%71.5% W(  ),H(bb) 95.9%100%69.6%97.9% VBF H(  ) 42.6%51.3%19.4%48.4% VBF H(  ) 24.4%44.3%14.0%39.0% VBF H(  ) 17.2%53.7%14.9%50.1% H(WW(ee )) 91.4%97.8%74.2%95.3% H(WW(  )) 99.9% 89.3%99.9% H(WW(e  )) 97.6%99.4%86.9%99.3% H(WW(  e )) 99.6%99.5%90.7%99.7% Stop  bW   e, jets (600 – 450 GeV) 55.8%68.2%50.3%64.8% Stop  bW    jets  600 – 450 GeV  78.1%81.6%76.4%84.5% RPV Stop  jets (200 GeV)70.1%99.9%43.6%99.9% RPV Stop  jets (300 GeV)93.7%99.9%79.7%99.9% Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 4 Physics Performance Summary (detail in subsequent talks) Average Improvement: 17% (Low Lumi) & 40% (High Lumi)

5. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project  Remove limit of 3 segments per Muon Port Card  Each Muon Port Card covers one 20° phi sector  Particularly problematic for multiple collimated muons w/rising occupancy  Increase bandwidth in trigger links  Occupancy of segments from chambers will exceed optical link bandwidth to CSC Track- Finder Sector Processors  Dropped segments will degrade performance: lose momentum precision (higher rate) and/or tracks (inefficiency).  Improve upon successful features of current CSC Track-Finder  Enlarge LUT memory for p T assignment from MBs to GBs, → better “fit” to trajectory o Use more angles  Larger FPGA to handle more hits from PU, additional chambers  Improve momentum resolution  Full use of all track information → ç  Steeper rate v. p T threshold curve → increases safety margin for high luminosity & high PU  Higher precision output track quantities/more μ candidates to Global Muon Trigger upgrade  η ✕ϕ = 0.05 ✕ 2.5° → 0.0125 ✕ 0.015°  Accommodate new algorithms like those in Higher Level Trigger o invariant mass cuts, jet-lepton matching, …  Requires new high bandwidth (optical) links to Global Trigger Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 5 Goals for CSC Trig. Upgrade

6. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project  Sophisticated p T assignment (studied with BDTs) based on expanded list of information over current CSCTF  Tail Clipping: if a variable, e.g. Δφ 12,is in 5% (10%, 15%) tail, demote p T to most probable value for given Δφ 12  Repeat over all 10 variables, report lowest demoted p T  Sharpens rate curve, factors of 2-3 rate reduction for modest efficiency loss (~5%, and programmable) Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 6 P T Assignment Algorithm Studies

7. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 7 Muon Trigger WBS Detail Wesley Smith, 16 July 2013 Fermilab Director's Review -- US CMS Trigger Upgrade → Calorimeter Trigger M&S on Ops. Prog. Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview

8. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 401.04.03 EMU Trigger Upgrade CavernCounting Room μTCA: Advanced Mezzanine Cards from Telecommunications Computing Architecture (commercial telecommunications hardware) CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 8Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 401.04.03.03 MPC-EMUTF Optical Fibers* (Rice) 401.04.03.02 Muon Port Card Mezzanine* (Rice) 401.04.03.04 Endcap Muon Track-Finder (U. Florida) 401.04.03.05 EMUTF Infrastructure (U. Florida) 401.04.03.06: Muon Sorter (Rice) Trigger MotherBoard Data MotherBoard Clock&Control Sector Processors Clock & Control Muon Sorter *M&S on Ops. Prog.

9. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 401.04.03.02 Muon Port Card (Rice - M&S on Operations Program) Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 9  Use the existing MPC main board  Backplane interface to TMB remains unchanged x 60 + 20 spares  3 original optical links are still available  New mezzanine card with new FPGA and new links (60 needed + 15 spares + 5 test setups = 80)

10. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 401.04.03.04: EMU Track-Finder (U. Florida) Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 10  Muon Track Finder processor: MTF7  13 needed + 4 spares + 3 test setups = 20  Optimized for maximum input from muon detectors (84 input links, 24 output links)  Dual card with large capacity for RAM (~1GB) to be used for p T assignment in track finding  Current prototype based on Virtex 6 FPGA is undergoing final tests (RLDRAM memory access)  Virtex 7 FPGA design is ~75% done, expected late 2013 Back: Core FPGA card with P T LUT mezzanine Front: Optics card

11. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 401.04.03.05: EMUTF Infrastructure ( U. Florida) Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 11 Not US* *Processing the resulting tracks with RPC or CSC hits is a US responsibility 401.04.02.04 Endcap Muon Track-Finder 401.04.02.06: Muon Sorter

12. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 401.04.03.06: Intermediate Sorter Upgrade (Rice) Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 12  Provide immediate CSC Trigger improvement in 2015  Provide optical path to new μTCA Global Muon Trigger from old CSCTF from each endcap  Allows independent upgrade of individual endcaps  Add isolation to endcap muons from old CSCTF with a new mezzanine card on the old muon sorter to send an optical path to 2015 calorimeter trigger initial upgrade  Analogous to MPC upgrade:

13. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project  Improve electromagnetic object isolation  Use calorimeter energy distributions with PU subtraction  Sum up activity over time and regions of calorimeter to perform PU subtraction  Improve control on isolation of electrons, photons, taus, muons  Finer granularity of trigger tower processing used in isolation calculations  Provide for input from muon trigger of seed tower for isolation region  Improve Jet-Finding  Use PU-subtracted clusters  Improve efficiency & reduce rate for Tau Trigger  Use much narrower cone  Existing Tau trigger performance is poor (see next slide) Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 13 Goals for Cal. Trig. Upgrade

14. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Tau Trigger Big improvement in efficiency with ~10X rate reduction! Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 14 Current tau trigger has large and negative PU dependence

15. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Improved control on isolation  Factor of 2-3 reduction in rate with small loss in efficiency Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 15 Upgrade Cal Trig: e/γ

16. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Calorimeter Trigger WBS Detail Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 16 ← Muon Trigger M&S paid by CMS-France

17. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Calo. Trigger Upgrade in Parallel: Split inputs from ECAL & HCAL HCAL Energy (HTR) ECAL Energy (TCC) Regional Calo Trigger Global Calo Trigger EM candidates Region energies HF Energy (μHTR) HCAL Energy (μHTR) Layer 1 Calo Trigger Layer 2 Calo Trigger Current L1 Trigger System Upgrade L1 Trigger System oSLB oRM  Install ECAL optical SLB & optical RM (oRM) mezzanines during LS1  Install HCAL optical splitters during Year End Technical Stop (YETS)  Install HCAL backend μHTR cards for input to new trigger  Install HCAL frontend electronics after LS2 (finer long. segmentation) Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 17 US UK US UK HCAL Optical Splitters Stage HCAL uHTR & assoc. Cal. Trigger Cards

18. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project  Upgraded HCAL Readout & Trigger Electronics (μHTR) is after split that sends data to old electronics (HTR)  μHTR supplies TP to upgrade cal. trig., HTR continues to send to present cal. trig.  ECAL Trigger Concentrator Cards (TCC) are not upgraded, instead mezzanines w/trigger serial links are replaced (Lisbon):  Optical Serial Link Board oSLB replaces single copper link to current Regional Calorimeter Trigger (RCT – U. Wisc.) with two optical links (WBS 401.04.04.06)  One optical link to optical Receiver Module (oRM) on RCT (WBS 401.04.04.05) o Replaces copper Receiver Module  One optical link to input of Upgraded Calorimeter Trigger: CTP7 Card  574 oSLB’s & oRM’s with Fibers installed in 2014  French Contribution to Calorimeter Trigger (no US Upgrade Funds)  Presently oSLB & oRM in final prototype stage  oSLB:oRM: Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 18 HCAL & ECAL Trigger Primitives

19. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 401.04.04.02: Cal. Trig. Processor Virtex-6 Proto. Board – U. Wisconsin Back End FPGA XC6VHX250T/ XC6VHX380T Front End FPGA XC6VHX250T/ XC6VHX380T Avago AFBR- 810B Tx Module 4X Avago AFBR-820B Rx Module MMC Circuitry JTAG/USB Console Interface Mezzanine Power Modules Dual SDRAM for dedicated DAQ and TCP/IP buffering 12x Multi Gig Backplane Connections Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 19 36 total + 8 spares + 2 test setups = 46 CTP6

20. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 401.04.04.02: Cal. Trig. Processor Final Version: Virtex-7 – U. Wisconsin Replace 2 Virtex-6s with a Virtex 7 for processing+ZYNQ for embedded TCP/IP endpoint 30A, 1V power module for FPGA logic core 3x CXP Pluggable modules for 36 Tx + 36 Rx 10G optical links 2x AFBR-820 modules for 24 Rx 10G optical links Simpler design to execute than the CTP-6 36 total + 8 spares + 2 test setups = 46 Virtex-7 VX690T FPGA ZYNQ XC7Z03 0 EPP 1.5V Supply 2.5V Supply 3.3V Supply 1V 30A Supply CXP Module 12Tx + 12 Rx CXP Module 12Tx + 12Rx CXP Module 12Tx + 12 Rx 12X Rx 12X Rx (CTP-6 CAD View) Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 20 CTP7

21. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 401.04.04.03: Crosspoint IO Card: crate interconnections – U. Wisconsin Controller (MMC and link mgmt) 4X Avago AFBR-79EQDZ QSFP+ Module Positions 4x4 Lane Bidirectional Multi Gig Backplane Connections Backplane Rx/Tx Redriver ICs (top and bottom sides) Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 21 (2/crate x 3 crates = 6 + spares)

22. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project 401.04.04: CTP Infrastructure: Vadatech VT894 Crate Test Setup BU AMC13 Vadatech MCH UW CTP-6 TTC Downlink UW Aux Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 22 (Final system: 3 crates w/ 12 CTP7 ea. + 2 test setups + spare = 6) U. Wisconsin designed backplane with dense card interconnects manufactured & installed in commercial Vadatech VT892 Crate available in Vadatech Catalog

23. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project  Goal (Original):  Provide readout of original RCT descoped during construction project  Present readout through GCT input buffer not workable with trigger evolution  Use connection to a single CTP6 prototype or CTP7 card for DAQ readout  optical Receiver Summary Card (oRSC) paid by DOE Nuclear  VME Slave Interface Card  Fits in current RCT Crates (1 per crate)  18 Cards in 2015 System  Receives RCT Jet Sum Card Output to GCT on Copper “SCSI” Data Cables  Provides direct optical input to GCT o Bypassing old optical conversion cards  Planned use for Heavy Ion Triggers  Prototype under test   Multiple optical outputs provide:  Inputs for upgrade calorimeter trigger & parallel operation of old & new trigger wherever ECAL & HCAL electronics not available in 2015 Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 23 Calorimeter Trigger Risk Mitigation

24. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Cal. Trig. Partial Upgrade in 2015 Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 24 Layer 2 Calo Trigger HCAL energy Regional Calo Trigger Global Calo Trigger HF energy oRSC Layer 2 Calo Trigger oRM ECAL energy Layer 1 Processors oSLB ECAL & HF Clusters Half-tower position 4x4 E+H Clusters 2x1 E+H Clusters 2-bit region ID Layer 2 Processors Muon Jets & Sums eGammaTau Heavy Ion Spare RCT RO + Testing GCT fallback and Minimal Stage-1 fallback remains available With just a fraction of final cards or even prototypes, derive many benefits of full upgrade, incl. muon isolation Uses reprogrammed RCT clusters with improved algorithms in Layer-2 Also, brings in all the power of finer grain HF using “Slice Test” of Layer-1 & 2 Improved PU subtraction, Isolation Calculation (e/γ/τ/μ) & Half-tower Position Resolution US Items: oRSCs, oSLB/oRM commissioning CTP Layer 1 Processors RCT RO+Testing CTP UK Items: MP7 Layer 2 Processors 36  HTRs 2 CTP7s  9 CTP7s Add to bring in finer grain EM clusters 2 CTP7s 4 MP7s

25. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project  CTP7 M&S: no HB/HE Backend until 2016  Delay purchase of 34 CTP7 cards until FY15  Use 12 CTP7 Cards w/prototypes as additional spares & for test setups.  EMU CSCTF M&S: one endcap in 2015 & other in 2016  Commission & test one endcap thoroughly so 2 nd can be integrated quickly  Delay spares & use prototypes for spares, test setups  Compatible with Global Muon Trigger using different Endcap inputs  Stages and Content: Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 25 Trigger Staging

26. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project  US CMS Upgrades to Calorimeter & Endcap Muon triggers enable CMS to keep the inclusive lepton thresholds below the W peak, recover a tau trigger for high PU, and improve multi-jet triggers with PU subtraction (also benefits Heavy Ion program)  Plan allows for parallel operation of old & new trigger systems, commissioning & testing of new system during data-taking (with data) & evolution to final system while providing immediate availability of improved trigger in 2015  Upgrade is based upon common μTCA hardware platform also used by HCAL & other CMS systems  Trigger Upgrade is technically feasible since based on working prototypes, & built by the same team that built original CMS Calorimeter & Muon triggers.  Trigger Upgrade can be accomplished within Cost & Schedule since based on working prototypes and experience in building the original CMS Calorimeter & Muon triggers.  Risks are understood and familiar due to team experience – risk is mitigated by parallel operation of existing and upgraded calorimeter systems Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 26 Summary

27. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Additional Slides Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 27

28. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Calorimeter Trigger Components Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 28 TypeNamePurpose TCCTrigger Concentrator CardExisting ECAL trigger primitives (TP) (Paid by FR) oSLBOptical Serial Link BoardTransmit ECAL TPs to RCT & CTP (Paid by PT)  HTR HCAL Trigger & DAQ BoardCreate and transmit HCAL TPs RCTRegional Calorimeter TriggerExisting trigger system oRMOptical Receiver ModulesReceive ECAL TPs on RCT (Paid by FR) oRSCOptical Regional Summary CardConvert and transmit RCT output (paid by DOE Nuclear) CTPCompact Trigger ProcessorLarge FPGA w/ optical & backplane CIOXCompact IO cross-point switchIntra-crate sharing switch MP7Multipurpose ProcessorLarge FPGA w/ only optical links (UK)

29. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 29 Schedule/Milestones – Level 3 Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013  Targeting completion of milestones 3 months earlier

30. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Schedule/Milestones – Level 4 Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 30

31. LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project  Critical path follows second phase of module production driven by funding profile Wesley Smith, 26 August 2013 CD-1 Review -- B04-1: Trigger Upgrade Overview 31 Schedule – Critical Path