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Success Factors that Improved the Asian Universities Professor Bertil Andersson President, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore Konferens om högre utbildning: Vi flyttar fram positionerna Universitetskanslersämbetet | Stockholms Universitet | Sverige 23 November 2015
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The Tripartite Academic World Asia (NTU) USA (Harvard) Europe (Stockholm University)
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“Sometimes, we talk too much about competition here in Europe... The rapid rise of academia in Asia is fantastic … A new part of this World is starting to contributing to the Global Knowledge.” Mr Leif Pagrotsky Former Swedish Minister for Education, Research & Culture, 2004 – 2006
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The Heterogeneous Rise of Asia China: Rising (more quantity than quality) India: Slowly developing (private sector leading) Japan: Stagnant at a high level Taiwan: Stagnant at a relatively high level or even declining Hong Kong: High-level quantity & quality Korea: Strong & rapid development Singapore: Strong & rapid development Malaysia / Thailand / Indonesia / Vietnam: Slow development
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World of R&D (2014) Source: Battelle, R&D Magazine
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1940s 1970s 2010s Global Scientific Output Trends: Major Contributor of World Publications
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Rank (Rank in 2010) Name of institutionCountry 12 (31)National University of Singapore Singapore 13 (74)Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore 25 (54)Tsinghua UniversityChina 28 (40)Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong 30 (23)University of Hong KongHong Kong 36 (50)Seoul National UniversitySouth Korea 38 (25)Kyoto UniversityJapan 39 (24)University of TokyoJapan 41(47)Peking UniversityChina 19 Asian Universities in QS Top-100 (10 in Top-50) Highest ranked Swedish University: 70 th (Lund University) Rank (Rank in 2010) Country 43 (79)KAIST – Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology South Korea 51(42)Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 51(105)Fudan UniversityChina 56 (60)Tokyo Institute of TechnologyJapan 57 (129)City University of Hong KongHong Kong 58 (49)Osaka UniversityJapan 70 (94)National Taiwan UniversityTaiwan 70 (151)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 74 (102)Tohoku UniversityJapan 87 (112)Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH) South Korea
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Rank (Rank in 2010) Name of institutionCountry 26 (34)National University of SingaporeSingapore 42 (37)Peking UniversityChina 43 (26)University of TokyoJapan 44 (21)University of Hong KongHong Kong 47 (58)Tsinghua UniversityChina 55 (174)Nanyang Technological University (NTU)Singapore 59 (41)Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong 85 (109)Seoul National UniversitySouth Korea 88 (57)Kyoto UniversityJapan 9 Asian Universities in Times Higher Education Top-100 (5 in Top-50) 2 highest ranked Swedish universities: 28 th (Karolinska Institutet) & 81 st (Uppsala University)
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CountryNo. of universities in QS Top-100 No. of universities in Times Higher Education Top-100 Singapore22 Japan52 China42 Hong Kong42 South Korea31 Taiwan1– Total199 CountryBest university in QS World University Rankings 2015 (Rank) Best university in QS World University Rankings 2010 (Rank) MalaysiaUniversiti Malaya (146)Universiti Malaya (207) IndiaIndian Institute of Science Bangalore (147)Indian Institute of Tech Delhi (202) ThailandChulalongkorn Uni (253)Chulalongkorn Uni (180) IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia (358)University of Indonesia (236) PhilippinesUniversity of the Philippines (401-410)Ateneo de Manila University (307)
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Asian Normalised Research Impact Trends (NTU Top in Asia) Source: Thomson Reuters
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Normalised Research Impact Trends (NTU vs Top Universities) Source: Thomson Reuters
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OECD Global Schools Rankings (Top 10) 1) Singapore 2) Hong Kong 3) South Korea 4) Japan 4) Taiwan Based on test scores in Maths & Science, at age 15, in 76 countries 6) Finland 7) Estonia 8) Switzerland 9) Netherlands 10) Canada Sweden ranked 35 th
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Perceptions of Asian Students Excellent & disciplined Pressurised Not creative Attracted to study in the West
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Gained independence in 1965 Population size: ≈ 5.47 million (2014) Land area: 718 sq km (2014) English as the working language 3 rd richest country in the World (2014): GDP per capital S$ 71,318 (≈ €49,100 ) GERD target: 3.5% Multicultural, highly cosmopolitan & diverse with people of Chinese, Malay, Indian & other ethnicities A rapidly emerging country when it comes to Academia & Research 6 universities (including NTU & NUS) + A*STAR Singapore Singapore – East Meets West
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The Singapore Government “Walks the Talk” for the Knowledge Society *Does NOT include basic funding for the universities Source: A*STAR 5-year Science & Technology plan for research funding Research, Innovation & Enterprise Council (RIEC): Chaired by the Prime Minister of Singapore, it brings together world-leading experts & 9 Cabinet Ministers to ADVISE the Singapore Cabinet on national research & innovation policies & strategies to drive the transformation of Singapore into a knowledge-based economy 2016-2020 S$19 billion est. (120 billion SEK) 15% increase
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1991: Establishment of Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Total student population: ≈ 33,200 24,300 undergraduates ≈ 8,900 graduate students International students: 15% of undergrads (11.6% for AY15) 53% of Masters 76% of PhDs Total staff strength: ≈ 7,310 ≈ 1,660 faculty, with 967 international faculty ≈ 2,890 research staff ≈ 2,760 admin & support staff The NTU College Structure College of Engineering College of Business College of Science 70% of international faculty & research staff NTU’s Basic Facts & Figures College of Humanities, Arts & Social Sciences Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine National Institute of Education
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NTU – A Fast Rising University 74 th in 2010 4 th in 2012 174 th in 2010 Recently ranked the world’s no. 1 fastest rising young university by Times Higher Education Ranked 13 th in QS World University Ranking - Quantum leap of 61 places over 5 years Ranked 55 th in Times Higher Education World University Rankings - Quantum leap of 119 places over 5 years Ranked 1 st in QS Top-50 under 50 Ranked 6 th in Engineering & Technology (QS Rankings by area)
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NTU in 2000… Educational Focus Limited to Engineering & Business Research not encouraged Old academic structure Ad-hoc recruitment / promotion Totally in the shade of NUS… What catalysed the rapid climb?
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Broadening of Academic Portfolio Life Sciences Humanities & Social Sciences Natural Sciences / Mathematics Art School Medicine (partnership with Imperial College London) Environmental Sciences 2002 2005 2010 2014 ACTION 1
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Revitalising Human Resources ACTION 2 American-based appointment, promotion & tenure system with high bar for success Applied retroactively to all faculty at NTU (2007-2009) Out of 750 cases, one-third did not make the cut Strong emphasis on international recruitment: International stars & young upcoming post-docs (ERC-type)
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Non-Fatalistic Strategy Strong governance: A high-level & pro-active university Board Top-down university management (with big ears) Strategic plan with prioritised areas Economical incentives for success Strong follow-up culture from Board & Ministry ACTION 3
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Emphasis on Research ACTION 4 For promotion & tenure Start up research funding / seed funding Initially reduced teaching load for new hires Push for external competitive research funding Establishment of interdisciplinary thematic research centres Priority of research areas in so-called Peaks of Excellence International academic & industrial partnerships
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Reform of Education – Reduction in Passive Consumption of Lectures ACTION 5 New pedagogy: ICT, MOOCs, Flipped classrooms Elite programmes Broader education; Inter- disciplinarity Humboldtian principle: All professors do research
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Infrastructure Investment ACTION 6 NTU investing >S$1.8 billion in new infrastructure Halls of residence for students; 50% more residential rooms for students 16,000 students on campus; 1,000 professors Medical school 24-hours learning hubs Research labs Restaurants, cafes, etc
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Universities Today are GLOBAL – Taking NTU to the World & Bringing the World to NTU Global international leadership Global Dialogue at NTU (Partnerships with Times Higher & the Nobel Foundation) 70% international faculty & research staff Ambition that 80% of all NTU undergraduate students spend 1 semester abroad International academic & industrial collaborations NTU satellites abroad eg. London / Berkeley ACTION 7
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NTU’s Outbound & Inbound Exchange Mobility (AY 2014/2015) Singapore students love Sweden; Swedish students love Singapore
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Asia & Singapore are developing very fast What about Europe & Sweden? Academically, the West has influenced the East In future, will the East start to influence the West?
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Thank you Singapore Sweden
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