1. 7 th Grade Spring Semester Final Review Questions by: T. Shorter Power point by: K. Pease

2. 1. Gregor Medal studied pea plants in his garden during the 1800’s. He is know as the Father of____________. Genetics Genetics http://anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm

3. 2. Draw a circle around all of the heterozygous genotypes above. Cc Cc Gg Gg Qq Qq Dd Dd Vv Vv Yy Yy Jj Jj Organisms have two alleles for each trait. When the alleles of a pair are heterozygous, one is dominant and the other is recessive.

4. 3. Draw a square around all of the homozygous genotypes above. TT TT zz zz bb bb NN NN HH HH xx xx ee ee The gene for seed shape in pea plants exists in two forms, one form or allele for round seed shape (R) and the other for wrinkled seed shape (r). A homozygous plant would contain the following alleles for seed shape: (RR) or (rr).

5. 4. Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits. If a dominant and a recessive gene appear together (the heterozygous condition), the dominant will always win, producing the trait it is coded for. The only time a recessive trait (such as the one for blond hair) expresses itself is when two recessive genes are present If a dominant and a recessive gene appear together (the heterozygous condition), the dominant will always win, producing the trait it is coded for. The only time a recessive trait (such as the one for blond hair) expresses itself is when two recessive genes are present http://science.jrank.org/pages/2988/Genetics-Dominant-recessive-traits.html

6. 5. A cross between a green eyes person and a blue eyes person produces four blue eyes children. What is most likely the dominant color?

7. 6. Capital letters represent ______ alleles in a genetic cross. Dominant Dominant

8. 7.Lowercase letters represent ______alleles in a genetic code. Recessive Recessive

9. 8.Describe the difference between phenotype and genotype. Phenotype = physical appearance Phenotype = physical appearance Genotype = genetic traits Genotype = genetic traits

10. 9. A cross between a green eyed person and a blue eyed person produces four blue eyed children. What is the most likely the dominant color? Blue Blue

11. 10. Name the type of reproduction (asexual or sexual) seen in each of the pictures below.

12. 11. Another term for heterozygous is _________________. Hybrid Hybrid

13. 12. Another term for homozygous is _______________. Purebred Purebred

14. 13. Asexual Reproduction involves ______________ parent and results is ____________ offspring. One parent One parent Identical offspring Identical offspring

15. 14. Sexual reproduction involves ___________ parents and results in _____________ offspring. Two parents Two parents Genetically diverse Genetically diverse

16. 15. The ______ is an organ in the male reproductive system that produces gametes (sex cells) call ____________. Testis Testis Sperm Sperm

17. 16. The _______ is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces gametes (sex cells) called ____________. Ovaries Ovaries Eggs Eggs

18. 17. ______ fertilization is a type or reproduction where eggs cells are fertilized by sperm outside of the body. External Fertilization External Fertilization

19. 18. In humans the ________ pair of chromosomes determines the sex of the offspring. 23 rd pair 23 rd pair

20. 19. Identify the following traits as inherited or acquired. Nose Shape = inherited Nose Shape = inherited Hair color = inherited Hair color = inherited Eye color = inherited Eye color = inherited Personality = inherited Personality = inherited Scar on Arm = acquired Scar on Arm = acquired Skin color = inherited Skin color = inherited Attitude = acquired Attitude = acquired Curly hair = inherited Curly hair = inherited

21. 20. Describe the difference between heterozygous and homozygous and give an example of both. Homozygous means having identical alleles for a single trait Heterozygous. Two different genes controlling a specified inherited trait

22. 21.If brown eyes are dominant, draw a punnet square to show how two brown- eyed parents can have a child with blue eyes. Include genotype and phenotype. B = Dominant for Brown B = Dominant for Brown b = Recessive for Blue b = Recessive for Blue 25% BB 50%Bb 25%bb 25% BB 50%Bb 25%bb 75% Brown 25% Blue 75% Brown 25% Blue

23. 22. Complete the following:

24. 23. Observe the length of the tree’s shadow in each of the pictures below. Label each picture as depicting either sunrise, mid day or sunset.

25. 24. Label the season the Northern Hemisphere would be experiencing in positions A-D below. A=summer A=summer B=fall B=fall C=winter C=winter D=spring D=spring

26. 25. Label the phases of the moon that would be seen from earth in positions A- D

27. 26. What causes the changing of seasons on earth? While the amount of heat coming from the sun stays the same, it is spread over a larger area during the winter than during the summer. This is due to the earth’s tilt. While the amount of heat coming from the sun stays the same, it is spread over a larger area during the winter than during the summer. This is due to the earth’s tilt. http://christiananswers.net/kids/edn-seasons.html

28. 27. Which direction does the earth spin on its axis? When viewed from the 'top' or the 'north pole' of the Sun, the Earth revolves COUNTER-CLOCKWISE. When viewed from the 'top' or the 'north pole' of the Sun, the Earth revolves COUNTER-CLOCKWISE. Also, when viewed from above it's own North Pole, the Earth rotates counter-clockwise, as well. Also, when viewed from above it's own North Pole, the Earth rotates counter-clockwise, as well.

29. 28.What is a renewable resource? List 3 examples A natural resource is a renewable resource if it is replaced by natural processes at a rate comparable or faster than its rate of consumption by humans. A natural resource is a renewable resource if it is replaced by natural processes at a rate comparable or faster than its rate of consumption by humans. Solar radiation, Solar radiation, tides, tides, winds winds hydroelectricity are perpetual resources that are in no danger of a lack of long-term availability. hydroelectricity are perpetual resources that are in no danger of a lack of long-term availability.

30. 29. What is a non-renewable resource? Give 3 examples Natural resource, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, that takes millions of years to form naturally and therefore cannot be replaced once it is consumed; Natural resource, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, that takes millions of years to form naturally and therefore cannot be replaced once it is consumed;

31. 30. What is am inexhaustible resource? List 3 examples Inexhaustible resources are resources that will never run out. Examples: Wind, sun, tides, solar energy, geothermal energy. Inexhaustible resources are resources that will never run out. Examples: Wind, sun, tides, solar energy, geothermal energy.

32. 31.List the produces: Plants Plants Producers

33. 32. List the decomposers: Earthworms Earthworms

34. 33. List the consumers: Ant Ant Snake Snake Lizard Lizard Hawk Hawk Coyote Coyote

35. 34. List the carnivores: Hawk Hawk Coyote Coyote Lizards Lizards Snake Snake

36. 35. List the herbivores: Ants Ants

37. 36. Is this an example of Primary or Secondary succession? Why? Primary Succession Primary Succession

38. 37.What are pioneer species? List two examples Pioneer species are species which colonize previously uncolonized land, usually leading to ecological succession. Pioneer species are species which colonize previously uncolonized land, usually leading to ecological succession.

39. 39.Circle the organisms which contain the most stored energy from the sun? Algae (producer) Algae (producer)

40. 40. Put a triangle around the organisms which contains the least stored energy from the sun? Hawk (tertiary consumer) Hawk (tertiary consumer)

41. 41.It takes the earth ________ to ______ around the sun. 365 ¼ days to revolve 365 ¼ days to revolve

42. 42. It takes the earth ______ to ________ on its axis causing __________. ________ ________ rotate rotate seasons seasons

43. 43. It takes the moon ______ to _________ on its axis and ________ to ________ around the Earth. Because of this we only see ___________ side of the moon. http://brainbites.nasa.gov/#/one- side-of-moon

44. #44. Explain the difference between weathering, erosion, and deposition. Weathering is the breaking down of Earth's rocks, soils and minerals through direct contact with the planet's atmosphere. Weathering is the breaking down of Earth's rocks, soils and minerals through direct contact with the planet's atmosphere. Erosion is the process of weathering and transport of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment or their source and deposits them elsewhere... Erosion is the process of weathering and transport of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment or their source and deposits them elsewhere... Deposition refers to the build up of a sediment from organically derived matter or chemical processes. Deposition refers to the build up of a sediment from organically derived matter or chemical processes.

45. 45. Soil erosion is caused when… Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process on all land. The agents of soil erosion are water and wind, each contributing a significant amount of soil loss each year Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process on all land. The agents of soil erosion are water and wind, each contributing a significant amount of soil loss each year