1. THE MUNICH PUTSCH
1923

2. The Putsch grew out of Hitler's attempt to exploit the crisis of 1923
The Putsch grew out of Hitler's attempt to exploit the crisis of 1923.   At first, Hitler had prepared his stormtroopers to help in a wider Bavarian rebellion.  When the Bavarian leaders (Kahr, Lossow and Seisser) threatened to call off the action, Hitler realised that he could not keep the stormtroopers waiting any longer.   On the night of 8 Nov 1923 he took over the Beer Hall and forced Kahr, Lossow and Seisser to promise to support him.   A triumphal march into Munich was planned on 9 Nov, but the police easily dispersed the Nazis..
       Although the Putsch failed, it - and the trial that followed - turned Hitler into a national hero, and laid the foundation of his future success.

3. Sturmabteilung (SA)
Often referred to as the ‘Brownshirts’

5. Ernst Roehm

7. In the crises of 1923, the membership of the Nazi Party grew from 6,000 to 55,000
In September 1923, the German Chancellor, Stresemann, called off the general strike in the Ruhr (it was ruining Germany). This made EVERY German angry with the government.
In 1922, Mussolini had seized control of the government of Italy by marching on Rome. Hitler hoped to copy his example

8. The Events of the ‘Putsch’
8 Nov 1923
Hitler interrupted the Beer Hall meeting, and forced Kahr, Lossow and Seisser (Bavarian leaders) at gunpoint to agree to support him
The SA took over the Army HQ (but NOT the telegraph office)
Jews were beaten up, and the offices of the anti-Nazi Munich Post newspaper offices trashed
Kahr, released by Hitler, called in the police and army reinforcements
9 Nov 1923
The Nazis marched on Munich
Stopped by police in Residenzstrasse, 16 Nazis were killed.
Ludendorff was arrested
Hitler hid, then fled (he was arrested 2 days later)

9. Hitler turned his trial into a publicity opportunity, giving long speeches. Before the Munich Putsch, Hitler was an unknown Bavarian politician. After his trial he was a national right-wing hero
Even the judge said he agreed with Hitler, and gave him only a short prison sentence

10. Nazi Beliefs Racial Policy
Hitler viewed life as a struggle for dominance between the so-called strong and weak races
Aryan – blue eyes and blonde hair (superior). In Hitler’s words… “the highest species of humans on earth”

11. Social Policy
Nazi community should be based on ‘blood and soil’

12. Government
Would be authoritarian – all decisions would be made by a single leader whose orders would be obeyed

13. Anti-Semitism
Hitler believed that Jews were a united race conspiring to dominate the world

14. Foreign Policy
The aim of lebensraum dominated Nazi foreign policy

15. Hitler’s Henchmen

16. Ernst Roehm Leader of the SA
Wanted the Nazi Party to combine the German Army with the SA, which would effectively make him the most powerful man in Germany

17. Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Himmler –
Leader of the SS and Chief of German police
He also controlled the Gestapo
Himmler was also in charge of the extermination camps in which over 6 million people died

18. Joseph Goebbels
Goebbels became the Minister for Enlightenment and Propaganda
He was a brilliant speaker
He was a vicious anti-Semite who organised ‘Kristallnacht’ – the Night of Broken Glass