1. Review Exam #4 Expenses, Vehicle Information, and Fluids

2. Chapter 3 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 2 Expenses include… Loan Payments Insurance Fuel Expenses Annual License and Registration Routine Maintenance Unexpected Repairs

3. Chapter 3 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 3 Insurance Deductible – The amount you pay before the insurance applies. – You can decrease your insurance costs if you increase your deductible. – Only applies to collision and comprehensive (not Liability)

4. Chapter 3 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 4 Insurance Liability Insurance – The minimum policy commonly required. – Covers claims to others that you cause.

5. Chapter 3 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 5 Insurance Collision and Comprehensive – Covers the cost to repair your vehicle if you were at fault. – Collision – auto accidents. – Comprehensive – natural disasters, vandalism, theft, fire, animal collisions.

6. Chapter 3 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 6 Fuel Expenses Fuel economy varies greatly depending on the vehicle and it impacts your monthly costs.

7. Chapter 3 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 7 License and Registration Sales tax Title fees License plate tags Pay at DMV (Dept of Motor Vehicle)

8. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 8 Common Fluid Locations

9. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 9 Windshield Washer Fluid Commonly blue. Do not use engine antifreeze.

10. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 10 Engine Oil Common multigrades are 0W-20, 5W-20, 5W-30, and 10W-30. Synthetic and semi-synthetic blends are also available. Synthetic and conventional are compatible

11. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 11 Engine Oil To get an accurate reading, check when the engine is cold.

12. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 12 Engine Oil Check the oil cap and owner’s manual for engine oil information.

13. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 13 Transmission Fluid Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is pinkish-red. Always use the ATF that is recommended by the manufacturer.

14. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 14 Transmission Fluid Follow checking procedure in owner’s manual. Some transmissions don’t have dipsticks.

15. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 15 Transmission Fluid Manual transmissions commonly take ATF, heavyweight/high- viscosity gear oil, synchromesh, or motor oil. Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVTs) may have a dipstick or check plugs.

16. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 16 Coolant Coolant - two main types – Standard (green). – Extended life (various colors). – Mix 50% water/50% antifreeze. – Use distilled water.

17. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 17 Coolant Check the level at the coolant recovery tank first. Let engine cool. Never open a hot radiator cap.

18. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 18 Brake Fluids Most common DOT 3 (but DOT 4, DOT 5, and DOT 5.1 are available). Check cap or owner’s manual for the correct type.

19. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 19 Clutch Fluid (manual transmissions only) Commonly DOT 3 brake fluid, but always check the owner’s manual.

20. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 20 Differential Fluid This fluid check is on RWD and 4WD vehicles. 4WD trucks will have front and rear differential check plugs. Gear oil. Thicker than motor oil.

21. Chapter 8 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 21 Power Steering Fluid Use the type that is recommended in your owner’s manual. Usually clear in color. Electric Power Steering systems do not have fluid.

22. Chapter 10 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 22 Purpose of Engine Oil Lubricates Cools Cleans Seals Cushions

23. Chapter 10 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 23 Understanding Oil Ratings Society of Automotive Engineers – SAE rates oil viscosity (e.g., 5W- 20). Viscosity – thickness 5W is at 0 F 20 is at 212 F

24. Chapter 10 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 24 Understanding Oil Ratings American Petroleum Institute – API rates engine oil service (e.g., SN). Energy Conserving – increased additives to lower friction.

25. Chapter 10 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 25 Synthetic Oils Synthetic oil is totally compatible with conventional oil

26. Chapter 10 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 26 Oil Filters Oil circulates through the engine and is cleaned by an oil filter. Bypass function if clogged.

27. Chapter 10 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 27 Changing the Oil and Filter

28. Chapter 10 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 28 Changing the Oil and Filter

29. 1. Visual on Ground a. Color, smell, texture (feel), taste 2. Visual on Car a. Gravity b. Check fluid levels for what may be low 3. Dye 4. Baby Powder – spray better 5. Types of Leaks a. Static b. Under pressure / running c. Classes 1. Class 1: Film/coating 2. Class 2: Drop 3. Class 3: Drips Finding Leaks

30. 1. Moisture above the fill level on the oil dip stick. 2. Milky - sludgy stuff under the oil fill cap. Causes: Piston blow-by combustion gases contain water vapor. Once vapor cools, it condenses in crankcase as liquid water. That water will remain (with some being sucked into valve cover area by the PCV system) unless the engine is run at operating temperature for an extended period of time to “burn off” the water. Short Duration driving is “SEVERE” Water in Oil

31. 30% of West Texas Intermediate Oil Recycling Arsenic 5 ppm maximum Cadmium 2 ppm maximum Chromium 10 ppm maximum Lead 100 ppm maximum Flash Point (Closed Cup) 100°F Total Halogens 4,000 ppm maximum PCBs <2 ppm maximum Table 2. Constituent/Property - Allowable Levels 2

32. Chapter 1 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 32 Vehicle Identification VIN – Vehicle Identification Number 17 Characters Found on driver’s doorjamb and on the top of the dashboard

33. Chapter 1 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 33 Vehicle Emission Control Info (VECI)

34. Chapter 1 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 34 Vehicle Identification Manufacturers – GM – Chrysler – Ford – Toyota – VW – Honda – Many others…

35. Chapter 1 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 35 Vehicle Identification

36. Chapter 1 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com 36 Vehicle Identification