2. The Cell

3. Why study cells? organisms are made up of cells cells do all the work of life!

4. THE CELL THEORY 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of living things. 3. Cells are produced by other living cells.

5. The cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life. Spirogyra Epithelial Tissue

6. A cardiac muscle cell Cardiac muscle CellsTissues Organs Organ SystemOrganism Heart Circulatory System

7. CellTissueOrganOrgan System Organism Levels of Organization

8. Some organisms are unicellular--- composed of one cell. BacteriaParamesium Euglena

9. Unicellular algae --- unicellular “plant”

10. Some organisms are multicellular --- composed of two or more cells --- many cells.

11. multicellular algae

12. There is an enormous variety of cells on Earth. bacteria protozoan algae muscle cell nerve cell blood cell

13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ln69k7L yTsU Bacteria 1:28 Euglena 2:50 Diatom 4:55 Amoeba 5:56 Desmid Volvox 9:08 Didinium eating paramecium paramecium

14. There are two basic types of cells: (1) Prokaryotic cells -- (2) Eukaryotic cells -- simple cells that have no nucleus and no organelles complex cells that have a true nucleus and organelles.

15. µm= 10 -6 m 1 µm= 10 -6 m There are two basic types of cells: There are two basic types of cells: Larger 10 – 100 µm Modern – 1 by old Smaller 1- 10 µm Ancient- 3.5 by old Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells

16. Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells no organelles no nucleus has nucleus has organelles simple – complex–

17. Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Examples- Examples- (two kingdoms) (four kingdoms) Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals

18. All cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, have: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Chromosomes (DNA) Ribosomes - a membrane that encloses the cell and regulates what substances enter and exit the cell. – the semifluid substance inside cells that is composed mostly of water. It also contains dissolved macromolecules and ions. - the genetic material. - small structures that make proteins.

19. A Prokaryotic Cell --- A Bacteria

20. Cytoplasm semifluid substance inside cells that contain dissolved macromolecules, ions, and minerals. Cell membrane a membrane that encloses the cell and regulates what substances enter and exit the cell. Chromosomes (DNA) the genetic material. Ribosomes small structures that make proteins.

21. Some cells may have: Some cells may have: Cell wall Protects the bacteria from its surroundings Provides support for the cells of plants – rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane that provides support and protection.

22. (locomotion) Some cells may have: Cilia Flagella - long, hair-like projections. short, numerous, hair-like projections. (locomotion & feeding)

23. Cell Wall Flagella Cilia

24. Flagella Cilia

25. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGAm6 hMysTA

26. Your body has different organs that perform different functions….. Cells have mini-organs

27. Only eukaryotic cells have membrane- bound organelles. ---mini organs Organelles – membrane-bound structures within the cell that have specific functions.

28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ln69k7L yTsU

29. All eukaryotic cells have the following organelles: Nucleus Nucleolus Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Chloroplast (plant cells only) Ribosomes Vacuoles Vesicles Lysosomes