1. Or Ion Channels, Action Potentials, and other “shocking” things about the brain (the most “current” information available!)

2. Basic Unit of Neuropsychology Golgi Stain shows anatomy of neurons Nissl Stain shows number of neurons in a given area

4. Because of excess K+ ions inside the cell membrane the neuron is polarized When enough excitatory neurotransmitters bind, the neuron depolarizes and ‘fires’

5. Place an electrode on a single neuron and measure the frequency of firing. Can also do single cell stimulation – pleasure center studies

6. Strokes Aspiration Lesions Cryogenic Blockade External Injuries – Picture is Phineas Gage’s actual skull!

7. Spatial Resolution – How close in physical proximity you can get to the target brain area Temporal Resolution – How close in time you can get to when the neurons fire Invasiveness – The extent to which foreign substances are introduced to the body. Cost – All are really expensive

8. Measures O 2 flow to different brain areas

9. Good Spatial Resolution, poor temporal resolution, completely non-invasive

10. Measures 2-deoxyglycose flow to brain areas

11. Excellent Spatial Resolution, poor temporal resolution, somewhat invasive

12. Measures magnetic signals associated with neural firing in brain areas

13. Poor spatial resolution, excellent temporal resolution, completely non-invasive

14. Measures light absorption associated with neural firing in brain areas

15. Good, but limited spatial resolution, excellent temporal resolution, completely non-invasive

16. Sends current through the scalp to activate different neural regions

17. Good Spatial Resolution, Excellent temporal resolution, highly invasive

18. Good Neuropsych studies look for dissociations: Brain Area 1 Brain Area 2 Task 1Task 2 Activation No Activation

19. Hippocampal lesions and the case of H.M.

20. Anterograde vs. Retrograde Amnesia Short Term vs. Long Term Memory Implicit vs. Explicit Memory Bilateral Removal of the Hippocampus

25. Famous dissociation is the Fusiform Gyrus