1. Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Subtitle: how new generations form

2. Asexual Reproduction Formation of new individuals from a single individual – one parent

3. Asexual Reproduction There are several ways asexual reproduction can occur including: –Binary fission –Budding –Mitosis Primary form of reproduction for single celled organisms like bacteria. Many plants reproduce asexually as well. Asexual offspring (children) are identical to their parent.

4. Binary Fission In binary fission the parent organism is replaced by two daughter organisms, because it literally divides in two. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission

5. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

6. Budding Some cells split by budding (for example yeast), resulting in a 'mother' and 'daughter' cell. Potatoes, some flowers and spider plants reproduce by budding. –The offspring is smaller than the parent.

7. Mitosis Mitosis is a process of cell division which results in two daughter cells from a single parent cell. The daughter cells are identical to each other and to the parent cell. It is asexual reproduction.

8. Regeneration Process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes cells able to repair themselves after damage.

9. Regeneration Every species is capable of regeneration, from bacteria to humans. Starfish are able to re-grow arms if they have been cut off. Lizzards are able to re-grow tails.

10. Human Regeneration All organisms, including humans, have the ability to regenerate something in the body. But the process is much more developed in lower organisms such as plants –mammals do regenerate skin, muscle, and blood. –other types of cells, such as those in the brain also regenerate. –researchers are actively working in this field to find ways to encourage the body to regenerate organs and limbs.

11. Sexual Reproduction Creation of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms.

12. Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction is the process involving two parents. –Their genetic material is combined to produce a new organism different from each parent. All mammals reproduce sexually. –Every person is unique. –Even brothers/sisters are often very different from one another.

13. Fraternal Twins Fraternal twins make up approximately 75% of the twin population and can be boy/boy, girl/girl, or boy/girl sets. Happen when Mom releases two eggs and different sperm fertilize each egg. They do not look any more alike than typical siblings.

14. Maternal Twins Occur when a single egg is fertilized which then divides into two separate embryos.eggembryos

15. Chromosomes With sexual reproduction, the offspring inherits half their chromosomes from each parent. –Half the chromosomes means not all traits of a parent will be transferred to the offspring. More on that in the next section on inherited traits!

16. Chromosomes Chromosomes are structures found within the nucleus of a cell. They contain all the genetic information in the form of genes.

17. DNA DNA is a long chain formation found in the nucleus of a cell. It is shaped like a double-helix It contains all the genetic material

18. Donor Cells for Sexual Reproduction Sperm are the reproductive cells of males. Eggs are the reproductive cells of females. –Sperm and egg cells are different from all other cells in your body because they contain only half of your genetic information. –2 halves combine to make a whole new organism!

19. Meiosis One cell from each parent contributes genetic material to produce offspring. –Results in 2 daughter cells –Receives ½ of genetic material from each parent –Produces sex cells –You were produced by Meiosis!

20. Meiosis In the diagram, the parent cell duplicates it’s DNA then divides. Will combine with another parent to complete the Process and each contribute Half of the offspring’s DNA.