1. EEE 105 http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ ID: eee105 Password: prAIRie Lec4 1/23/02

2. EcosystemsEcosystems The pattern of interaction between organisms and their physical environment Energy Materials Information Energy

3. Energy

4. Energy flows through ecosystems beginning with photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 sugars carbon dioxide oxygen Energy biological energy

5. Energy Photosynthesis evolved more than 2 billion years ago CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 sugars carbon dioxide oxygen in the cyanobacteria

6. Energy Photosynthesis evolved more than 2 billion years ago CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 sugars carbon dioxide oxygen in the cyanobacteria

7. Energy causing the greatest environmental disaster Photosynthesis evolved more than 2 billion years ago CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 sugars carbon dioxide oxygen in the cyanobacteria an oxidizing atmosphere

8. Energy Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of green plants

9. Energy Chloroplasts evolved from photosynthetic bacteria Endosymbiosis

10. Energy Energy flows through ecosystems plants energy respiration CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 sugars carbon dioxide + O2+ O2 Releases energy For growth & maintenance Energy flows through ecosystems (photosynthesis)

11. Energy Energy flows through ecosystems plants energy respiration Energy flows through ecosystems decomposition Death of plants

12. Energy Energy flows through ecosystems plants energy respiration Energy flows through ecosystems decomposition calories of energy Growth & reproduction = net productivity biomass

13. Energy budgets plants energy respiration decomposition biomass calories of energy Growth & reproduction = net productivity Energy Measured in calories

14. Energy strategies Energy growth vs. reproduction Energy Energy strategies growth vs. reproduction r vs. K strategies grass is an r strategist bracken fern is r trees are K

15. Energy strategies Energy growth vs. reproduction r vs. K strategies many small vs. fewer large seeds

16. Energy strategies Energy growth vs. reproduction r vs. K strategies many small vs. fewer large seeds

17. Energy strategies Energy growth vs. reproduction r vs. K strategies many small vs. fewer large seeds

18. plants respiration decomposition calories of energy biomass primary consumer Producer decomposition & waste respiration & behavior Energy

19. Animal energy strategies plants respiration decomposition calories of energy biomass primary consumer Producer decomposition & waste respiration & behavior Energy

20. Animal energy strategies Energy r vs. K strategies

21. Animal energy strategies Energy r vs. K strategies Bumblebee Economics by Berndt Heinrich Bumblebee Economics by Berndt Heinrich

22. Animal energy strategies Energy r vs. K strategies “warm-blooded” vs. “cold-blooded” (endothermy vs. exothermy)

23. plants respiration decomposition calories of energy biomass primary consumer Producer Energysecondaryconsumer Energy flows through ecosystems

24. plants respiration decomposition calories of energy biomass primary consumer Producer Energysecondaryconsumer Energy flows through ecosystems

25. Energy Food chain E producer primary secondary consumer Trophic levels autotrophherbivorepredator heterotrophs

26. Why a pyramid?

27. Energy Food chain E producer primary secondary consumer Trophic levels autotrophherbivorepredator respiration decomposition 90% used at each trophic level

28. Energy Food webs

29. Energy Food chain E producer primary secondary consumer Trophic levels autotrophherbivorepredator respiration decomposition 90% used at each trophic level Photosynthetic food chain

30. Energy Detritus food chains detritus = dead and excreted material

31. detritus Energy Food chain E producer primary secondary consumer Trophic levels respiration 90% used at each trophic level Photosynthetic food chain

32. Energy Detritus food chains detritus = dead and excreted material

33. Energy Strangest food chain first found off the Galapagos

34. Energy Strangest food chain hydrothermal vents

35. Energy Strangest food chain hydrothermal vents “gutless” vent worms Archaea endosymbiosis a chemosynthetic food chain

36. Energy Food chains photosynthetic detritus chemosynthetic