2. describe a graph, using appropriate expressions In this lesson, we will

3. Grammar PointExamples Past TenseThe patient’s body temperature rose last night. ComparisonThe bamboo grow higher in outer garden than inside the room. Prepositions of time/ Prepositions used with numbers The room temperature goes down in the afternoon. The number of orang utan remained stable at 300 in the research site. There was a decrease at 50 point. The humidity will increase by 15 per cent. QuantifierThe outpatients increased slightly. Structures describing trend The industrial needs rose rapidly. There was a rapid rise in the industrial needs.

4. Words used to describe graphs

5. Going Up: Going Down: Staying the Same increase rise go up grow climb shoot up soar rocket decrease fall go down drop decline plummet plunge level off plateau stabilize remain + steady stay + steady WORDS USED TO DESCRIBE GRAPHS

6. Fluctuate (v) The number of internet users fluctuated between 1990 and 1995.

7. The number of internet users peaked in 1993. Peak (v) The number of internet users was at its highest level in 1993. The number of internet users rose to its highest level in 1993. Highest level (n)

8. Bottom off (v) The number of internet users bottomed out in 1994. Lowest level (n) The number of internet was at its lowest level in 1994. The number of internet fell to its lowest level in 1994.

9. The number of internet users stood at 2,000 in 1990, and then it increased gradually in the following years. Stand at (v)

10. Recover (v) The number of internet users recovered between 1990 and 1995.

11. Going Up: Going Down: Staying the Same increasedecreasestabilize risefallremain + constant go upgo down growdrop climbdecline peak*bottom out* Pattern: Sub + Verb. Sales increased in 2003.

12. increase rise go up grow climb sharply /dramatically / rapidly/ considerably / steeply show a large change Apple Computer’s share price increased sharply between 1990 and 1995. Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES FOR DESCRIBING CHANGES

13. decrease fall go down drop decline sharply /dramatically / rapidly/ considerably / steeply show a large change Apple Computer’s share price decreased dramatically between 1990 and 1995. Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv

14. increase rise go up grow climb show a small change slightly / moderately / gradually* Apple Computer‘s share price rose slightly between 1990 and 1995. Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv

15. decrease fall go down drop decline show a small change Apple Computer’s share price fell gradually between 1990 and 1995. Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv slightly / moderately / gradually*

16. remain stay the same, stable, steady, constant show unchanged movement Apple Computer’s share price stayed the same between 1990 and 1995. Apple Computer’s share price remained steady between 1990 and 1995. Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv

17. Going Up: Going Down: Staying the Same increasedecreasestabilize risefallremain + constant go upgo down growdrop climbdecline peak*bottom out* Pattern: Sub + Verb. Sales increased in 2003. Sub + Verb + Adv Sales increased sharply in 2003.

18. Subject + Verb ORSubject + Verb + Adverb Our net profit increased last year. Our net profit increased dramatically last year.

19. There + was a/an + noun + in something There + was + a/an adjective + noun + in something Our net profit increased last year. There was an increase in our net profit last year.

20. There + was a/an + noun + in something There + was + a/an adjective + noun + in something Our net profit increased dramatically last year. There was a dramatic increase in our net profit last year.

21. To stand at / To start at /Verb to be We use this expression to focus on a particular point before we mention the changes. Sales stood at $125 million in January. Then, in February they rose slightly to $ 127 million. Profits were $ 29,000 in 1999 and continued up to $ 40,000 in 2000.

22. Going Up: Going Down: Staying the Same increasedecreasestabilize risefallremain + constant go upgo down growdrop climbdecline peak*bottom out* Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv Sales stood at $ 30 M in 2000.

26. From ____ to _____ We use this preposition to describe the movement between one point and another. The share price fell sharply from $100 million to $60 million last year. There was a sharp fall in the share price from $100 million to $60 million last year.

27. Going Up: Going Down: Staying the Same increasedecreasestabilize risefallremain + constant go upgo down growdrop climbdecline peak*bottom out* Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv Sales increased sharply from 5 to 50 million dollars in 2003.

28. To _____ We use this preposition to describe the end point. The number of Internet subscribers dropped slightly to 50,000 people. There was a slight drop in the number of Internet subscribers to 50,000 people.

29. Going Up: Going Down: Staying the Same increasedecreasestabilize risefallremain + constant go upgo down growdrop climbdecline peak*bottom out* Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv Sales increased sharply (from 5) to 50 million dollars in 2003.

30. Between _____ and _____ We use this preposition to describe the movement along a scale from one point to another. The market share fluctuated between 10 and 50 percent in the first quarter.

31. My salary increased from 300,000 baht to 400,000 baht a year. It increased by 100,000 baht. There was an increase of 100,000 baht. By ________ We use this preposition to describe the difference. Verb + by Of ________ Noun + of

32. Going Up: Going Down: Staying the Same increasedecreasestabilize risefallremain + constant go upgo down growdrop climbdecline peak*bottom out* Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv Sales increased sharply by 45 million dollars in 2003.

33. At _____ We use this preposition for a certain point. The company’s income remained constant at $ 100 million from 1990 to 1997. The number of internet users peaked at 15,000 in 1993. The number of internet users reached a peak at 15,000 in 1993. The number of customers bottomed out at 1,200 in 1994.

34. DESCRIBING GRAPHS POWERPOINT BY AJ. SORADA WATTANA Going Up: Going Down: Staying the Same increasedecreasestabilize risefallremain + constant go upgo down growdrop climbdecline peak*bottom out* Pattern: Sub + Verb + Adv Sales peaked at 50 million dollars in 2003.

35. Expressing Approximation We use words to express approximation when the point we are trying to describe is between milestones on the graph. Approximately 1,000 Around About Roughly More or less Almost Nearly The problem with computer viruses rocketed to approximately 1,100 cases.

36. The opening sentences should make up the first paragraph. It should define what the graph is about, that is the date, location, what is being described in the graph etc. For example: The graph shows the sales of computers of ABC Company

37. Graphs and tables are visual representations which can give information both directly and indirectly. In other words, we sometimes may have to make inferences or draw conclusions based on the data given as well as our knowledge of the world. From the information given, I conclude/ infer/ assume that ______. From the information given, it can be concluded / inferred /assumed that _________. The information given in the graph implies/ suggests / hints that _________.