1. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.1 Computer Literacy for IC 3 Unit 1: Computing Fundamentals Project 1: Identifying Types of Computers

2. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.2 Identify categories of computers Identify basic components of a computer Measure memory and identify flow of information Objectives

3. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.3 Size and CapacityWho Uses ItWhere It Is Used Intended Use Common Names Pocket computerPersonalPDA Notebook computer PersonalLaptop Tablet (in some cases) MicrocomputerPersonalDesktopWorkstation MinicomputerOrganizationWeb or file server Mainframe computer OrganizationWeb or file server SupercomputerOrganization Table 1.1 Categories of Computers

4. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.4 Types of Computers Desktop Laptop Personal Digital Assistant Tablet Computer Workstation Dumb Terminal

5. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.5 Desktop Sits on, next to, or under an individual user's desk Usually too large to carry around Has several pieces connected by wires

6. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.6 Laptop Also known as a notebook computer Optional battery power Flat panel display Portable

7. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.7 Personal Digital Assistant The personal digital assistant, also known as the PDA is helpful when making appointments or keeping important business information.

8. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.8 Tablet Computers Like paper, one can take notes anywhere on the page. Like a binder, one can organize sections. The tablet computer is lightweight, with a large, high-resolution screen, hard disk and built-in QWERTY keypad.

9. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.9 Workstations Originally used to describe desktop computers with more capabilities Often used when referring to any PC at an organization that is connected to the company's network

10. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.10 Dumb Terminal No storage Useless if disconnected from the file server One example of a dumb terminal is a point-of-sale (POS) terminal

11. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.11 Hardware vs. Software Hardware is a peripheral or physical part of the computer including: Monitors Printers Drives Keyboards Software is a program or application that runs on the computer. Word Excel PowerPoint FrontPage

12. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.12 Operating System Programming that controls interactions with the computer’s various parts and the users Types of Operating Systems:  Mac OS  Windows  UNIX  Linux

13. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.13 Allows for mathematical or logical operations Assembles & processes information Integrated with millions of components Central Processing Unit

14. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.14 Word Size A processor works with binary numbers that consists of zeros and ones Each digit is called a bit Eight bits equal a byte Word Size equals the maximum number of bits the CPU can handle at one time Larger word size = faster processor (more calculations per second)

15. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.15 Clock Speed Another measure of the speed of a processor Processors perform actions with each pulse of the system clock Clock pulses are measured in Hertz (One pulse per second equals one Hertz) 1 Gigahertz = 1 billion pulses per second

16. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.16 Read-only memory (ROM) Factory programmed with instructions Normally used at startup Memory and Storage Primary storage – for data being processed Secondary storage – for results of processing Random access memory (RAM) Temporary storage for programs

17. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.17 Secondary Storage – Devices Devices where data can be stored for later use Three main types: Magnetic media – floppy disk Optical media – compact disc Flash memory – used with digital cameras

18. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.18 Common input devices: Keyboard & Mouse Bar Code reader Input and Output Devices Input – transferring data into the computer Output – sending the information out Common output devices: Monitor Printer

19. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.19 Text and Numbers ASCII & Unicode are the standards Limited by the number of binary numbers used  ASCII = 8 bit  Unicode = 32 bit Standard prefixes used to denote multiples of the same unit International System of Units (SI) MultiplierSize Kilo1,000 Mega1,000,000 Giga1,000,000,000 Tera1,000,000,000,000 Table 1.4

20. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.20 Pictures and Sound Pictures Patterns of dots Dots are known as pixels Sound Assigns numbers to the volume and pitch Converts analog sounds into a series of binary numbers

21. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.21 Summary Learned how to categorize computers based on their capacity and use Learned to identify the basic components of a computer and how to measure the speed and capacity of a computer Learned how to describe the flow of information through the basic parts of a computer when it performs common tasks and identify the relationships between different types of computers in an organization Extended your learning by reviewing concepts and terms, and by practicing variations of skills presented in the lessons

22. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.22 End-of-Project Exercises Multiple Choice Discussion Skill Drill  Finding storage capacity of a folder in your hard drive  Finding shared storage Challenge  Determining the processor, clock speed, and RAM  Apply what you have learned to an advertisement for a computer Discovery Zone  Using the Help and Support Center to learn about removable storage  Learning about memory, processors, and disk drives  Learning about sharing folders  Finding the hard disk capacity using Apple OS or Linux

23. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.23 Questions?