2. Chapter 8 Review A More Perfect Union

3. Creating a Government and putting it in Place (Chapter 8, Government, & Ch. 9) James Madison A Virginia delegate to the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention, and is considered the “Father of the Constitution” for his many contributions to the basic structure of our government. He authored the Virginia Plan which proposed representation in the Congress based on population. He supported ratification of the new U.S. Constitution and wrote over a third of the Federalist Papers, promoting its ratification. He proposed the Bill of Rights. Alexander Hamilton A delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 from New York. As a proponent of a strong central government, he was one of the authors of The Federalist Papers (essays that promoted the ratification of the Constitution). Patrick Henry He was a symbol of America’s struggle for liberty and self-government; he was a lawyer, patriot, orator, and willing participant in virtually every aspect of the founding of America. He was a delegate to the First Continental Congress from Virginia. He did not attend the Constitutional Convention in 1787 because he “smelled a rat” and later fought against ratification of the U.S. Constitution as a leader of the Anti-Federalists

4. George Mason He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 but did not sign the Constitution. He became an Anti-Federalist and worked against ratification of the U.S. Constitution. He believed in basic American liberties such as freedom of the press, religious tolerance and the right to a trial by jury. George Washington Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Later, he became the President of the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention in 1787. He sides with the Federalists in the debate over ratification and is elected the First President of the United States in 1788.

5. Magna Carta 1215 granted rights to noblemen and freemen. Limited power of the king House of Burgesses 1619 The First Representative Body in the colonies; Virginia Mayflower Compact 1620 first system of self- government in America. English Bill of Rights 1689 supported a limited monarchy, gov’t based of laws made by parliament provided a system of shared power; rights given to ALL Englishmen Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 the first constitution in the American colonies; extended voting rights to non-church members and limited the powers of the governor, expanded ideas of representative government Articles of Confederation 1781 the nation’s first constitution; lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage lack of power to create a national army egislative – makes laws xecutive – enforces the law udicial – interprets the law U.S. Constitution 1787 AMERICANAMERICAN GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

6. ec. of Ind. rticles of Confed. onstitution Founding Documents Revolution Events exington aratoga orktown Valley Forge Jamestown -1 st perm. English settlement Mayflower Compact – 1 st system of self- gov’t Declaration of Independence – Freedom from Englsih Rule Constitution –Replaced Article of Confed. New England Southern Colonies Middle Colonies US in 1783 Appalachian Mtns Mississippi R. Long winters, rocky soil, timber, fishing, shipbuilding, whaling subsistence farming, good soil, warm climate Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation system G v. O = McC v. M = DS vs. S = GA SC NC VA MD DE NJ PA NY CT RI NH MA Great Lakes

7. 33. Early government was influenced by the works of European philosophers such as: Charles de Montesquieu (French) - “separation of powers” and 3 branches John Locke (English) – “unalienable rights” William Blackstone (English) – “natural rights” and Bill of Rights Chapter 8 Review

8. 34. The Articles of Confederation – Our 1st National government with one branch (legislative). The states have most of the power. It would be replaced by the Constitution in 1787. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation No executive branch No levying of taxes No judicial branch No regulation of trade Articles of Confederation Chapter 8 Review

9. 35. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established the procedures for the expansion of the United States and explains that new states admitted to the Union are equal to existing states. Congress appoints governor To rule territory With 5,000 free adult males, elect a territorial legislature 60,000 total free population, write a constitution Congressional approval of Constitution means statehood ILINOH MI WI Northwest Ordinance MN Chapter 8 Review

10. 36. A tariff is a tax on imported goods (goods brought into a country) designed to protect home industries. Foreign Merchant tariff Chapter 8 Review

11. 37. Shays’ Rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation & convinced many Founders of the need for a stronger national government. Take my farm? I’ll whup that tax man from a sittin’ position. Shays’ Rebellion Chapter 8 Review

12. 38. The Great Compromise created a bi-cameral (2 House) Legislature we call Congress. Representation in the House of Representatives: population; the Senate: each state gets 2. Senate -2 for each state House of Representatives (435) Great Compromise Chapter 8 Review

13. 39. The settled the issue of how slaves would count for representation and taxation in Congress. Each slave would count as 3/5 of a person. 3/5 Compromise = Chapter 8 Review Wait! Why are we doing MATH in History class?

14. 40. Checks and Balances is a system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches. Checks and Balances Chapter 8 Review

15. 41. Separation of Powers: system in which each branch of government has its own powers. Legislative Executive Judicial Makes Laws Executes Laws Interprets Laws Separation of Powers Chapter 8 Review

16. 42. Republicanism is a system of representative government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them. Republicanism Chapter 8 Review

17. 43. Federalism is the sharing of power between the states and the national government. Federalism Chapter 8 Review

18. This is cool! Now we have a strong national government! 44. Federalists were supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government and the Bank of the United States. Federalists Chapter 8 Review

19. 45. Anti-federalists were people opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government. They also opposed the Bank of the U.S. Thomas Jefferson and George Mason were leading Anti-Federalists. Shut up, Beavis! Who gives you the right to speak “We the People?” “We, The People… Anti-Federalists Chapter 8 Review

20. 46. The Federalist Papers - a series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States was founded. We are Publius! Federalist Chapter 8 Review

21. 47. The Legislative Branch makes the laws. The Executive Branch enforces the laws. The Judicial Branch interprets the meaning of the laws. My name is Bill Lawmaker. I veto you You are SO guilty!!! Legislative Executive Judicial Chapter 8 Review

22. 48. Constitution - system of limited government where elected officials represent the people and must govern according to the laws of the Constitution. Constitutional Republic Chapter 8 Review

23. 49. The Constitution (our written plan of government) - Created: Philadelphia, 1787. Provides a strong national government with power balanced between the 3 branches. Legislative Executive Judicial P o w e r Power P o w e r Constitution Chapter 8 Review

24. 50. James Madison is considered to be the “Father of the Constitution”. I should win “Father of the Year” for this. Baby Constitution #1 Dad! Madison Chapter 8 Review