1. SWEET 2.1 Ontologies Rob Raskin NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory

2. Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology (SWEET) Concept space written in OWL-DL Concept space written in OWL-DL Serves as middle-to-upper level ontology for Earth system science Serves as middle-to-upper level ontology for Earth system science Enables scalable classification of Earth system science and associated data and applications Enables scalable classification of Earth system science and associated data and applications Version 2.1 contains 6400 modular concepts Version 2.1 contains 6400 modular concepts 200 modular ontologies 200 modular ontologies

3. Scope of SWEET Integrated ontologies Integrated ontologies Earth system science Earth system science Earth science applications Earth science applications Scientific units Scientific units Space/time Space/time Data quality Data quality Data provenance Data provenance Data types Data types Data services Data services In conjunction with ESIP Federation Semantic Web Cluster

4. SWEET Top-Level View

5. New in SWEET 2.1 Version 2.1 provides a large module set for STATE Version 2.1 provides a large module set for STATE Mostly adjectives and adverbs Mostly adjectives and adverbs Examples: Role, color/band, shape, size, equilibrium type, activity level, connectedness, impact, substance form Examples: Role, color/band, shape, size, equilibrium type, activity level, connectedness, impact, substance form Enables greater separation of adjective from object to improve modularity Enables greater separation of adjective from object to improve modularity Mostly represented by OWL individuals Mostly represented by OWL individuals “types” of categorical, ordinal, and cardinal values “types” of categorical, ordinal, and cardinal values

6. SWEET Provides Set of Building Blocks CF (traditional controlled parameter name): tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_phosphorus_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_processes SWEET (multi-attribute parameter name): Property= mole_concentration Property= mole_concentration Science_Processing= tendency Science_Processing= tendency State= dissolved, inorganic State= dissolved, inorganic Substance= phosphorous Substance= phosphorous Medium= sea_water Medium= sea_water Process= biological_processes Process= biological_processes

7. Mapping to Climate and Forecasting (CF) Standard Names Conversion table expresses each of the 2200 standard names in terms of SWEET terms Conversion table expresses each of the 2200 standard names in terms of SWEET terms Available on SWEET web site as Excel spreadsheet Available on SWEET web site as Excel spreadsheet

8. SWEET-CF Comparisons: Relations Scientific processes and assumptions Scientific processes and assumptions due_to, assuming, defined_by, by, expressed_as, from, with, without, excluding, to due_to, assuming, defined_by, by, expressed_as, from, with, without, excluding, to subpropertyOf sweet:scientificRelation subpropertyOf sweet:scientificRelation Directional Directional In, out_of, reflected_by, at, over, above, below, into In, out_of, reflected_by, at, over, above, below, into subpropertyOf sweet:spatialRelation subpropertyOf sweet:spatialRelation Other Other Of, wrt, since Of, wrt, since

9. SWEET-CF Comparisons: Spectral Ranges CF CF Shortwave, photosynthetic, longwave, microwave, spectral Shortwave, photosynthetic, longwave, microwave, spectral A separate spectral range table would be helpful, particularly for observational data A separate spectral range table would be helpful, particularly for observational data SWEET SWEET Entire electromagnetic spectrum bands (e.g., EUV, HardXray, VHF) Entire electromagnetic spectrum bands (e.g., EUV, HardXray, VHF) Spectral lines Spectral lines Machine readable definitions of wavelength or frequency ranges Machine readable definitions of wavelength or frequency ranges

10. States in CF (subset of SWEET states) Ambient Ambient Aerosol Aerosol Aromatic Aromatic Atomic Atomic Black Black Divalent Divalent Dry Dry Calcareous Calcareous Condensed Condensed Crystal Crystal Dissolved Dissolved Droplet Droplet Dry Dry Elemental Elemental Frozen Frozen Floating Floating Gaseous Gaseous Ice Ice Inorganic Inorganic Liquid Liquid Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Moist Moist Molecular Molecular Organic Organic Oxygenated Oxygenated Particle Particle Particulate Particulate Saturated Saturated Suspended Suspended Undersaturated Undersaturated Unfrozen Unfrozen Vapor Vapor

11. Governance ESIP Semantic Web Cluster to provide overall governance ESIP Semantic Web Cluster to provide overall governance Marine Metadata Institute (MMI) will provide further support through common ontology services Marine Metadata Institute (MMI) will provide further support through common ontology services term-specific comments, comparisons, access, archiving, versioning, etc. term-specific comments, comparisons, access, archiving, versioning, etc. Tools can make it easy for the community to contribute new concepts to the SWEET core Tools can make it easy for the community to contribute new concepts to the SWEET core

12. Resources SWEET ontology: http://sweet.jpl.nasa.gov SWEET ontology: http://sweet.jpl.nasa.gov Rob Raskin raskin@jpl.nasa.gov