2. AP World History October 26, 2015

3. Warm Up – October 26, 2015 The period of greatest population decline in Europe during the Middle Ages was: A. 10 th -13 th Centuries B. 14 th Century C. 5 th & 6 th Centuries D. 15 th Century E. 8 th Century

4. Agenda Charlemagne & The Vikings The Black Plague 100 Years War Reminders : Chapter 11 due Wednesday HW – Chapter 11 Guided Reading

5. Essential Question Why are Europeans the focus of history?

6. Charlemagne & the Franks

7. Franks After the decline of the Roman Empire, the territory of Gaul was ruled by the Franks: Charlemagne (Charles the Great) became the greatest king of the Middle Ages by doing something no other king was able to do He created an organized empire See how dangerous it was during the Middle Ages!! By defeating Germanic Saxons & Lombards

9. Look at this massive, well-organized empire! This is the EXCEPTION rather than the rule during the Middle Ages!! One king controlled all this & had power over feudal lords

10. Charlemagne Charlemagne’s accomplishments: Greatly expanded the Frankish empire Spread Christianity through missionaries & violence Divided this large empire into counties Began schools for church members Charlemagne was called the “strong hand of God”

11. Age of Invasions From 800 CE to 1000 CE, Europe was constantly attacked by foreign armies: Muslims attacked Europe from the northern Africa Magyar warriors attacked Europe from the East Vikings attacked Europe from the Scandinavia in the north

12. See how dangerous Europe was!!! So, why was Feudalism necessary??

13. Vikings Vikings were Scandinavians who invaded Europe because of overpopulation, looking for better climate & better farmland They were excellent invaders & explorers They were able to sail in deep oceans and shallow rivers because of their excellent ship design

14. Vikings Because of their war ships, the Vikings were able to: Claim parts of England, Ireland, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, They reached Constantinople & the Mediterranean Sea They were the 1st Europeans to “discover” America (Canada)

17. Holy Roman Empire

18. Germans expanded into Frankish territory after Charlemagne died Otto the Great became the greatest king of Germans in 936 He ended foreign invasions Controlled the Catholic Church within Germany Expanded German territory & created kingdom known as the Holy Roman Empire

19. NEVER Otto the Great & other Holy Roman kings were NEVER able to control the feudal lords in this territory

20. Holy Roman Empire But…the Holy Roman Empire is poorly named: It is not Holy (because it was not controlled by the Pope, although Christianity was the dominant religion) It was not Roman (the Romans were conquered long ago) It was not an Empire (because the kings never had control over the feudal lords)

21. Reasons for the Decline of Feudalism during the High Middle Ages

22. Decline of Feudalism--Crusades Feudalism weakened after the Crusades: Lords sold off some of their lands to raise money for Crusades Pope lost respect because the Crusades were unsuccessful

23. Decline of Feudalism—Trade Merchants saw new, exotic products as a result of the Crusades & began to trade them in Europe Increased trade led to cities & weakened feudal relationships: New opportunities for serfs Kings gained power because they could tax the merchants

24. Decline of Feudalism—Black Death In 1347, a trade ship arrived in Italy bringing cargo from China—on ship was disease called the Plague (Black Death) Swept rapidly throughout Europe along trade routes

25. Steps for Spread of Bacteria: The rat is infected with the bacteria The flea gets on the rat and bites the rat, and through the rat’s blood the bacteria is contracted Bacteria multiplies in the flea Flea's gut gets clogged with bacteria The flea bites a human, regurgitates blood into open wound HUMAN is INFECTED!!

26. Flea full of Plague-Causing Bacteria

28. Here are some of the ridiculous ways they had to cure the Plague: Bathing in human urine Wearing of human excrement Placing dead animals in the home Use of leaches Pomanders Chop a snake up everyday Try to fall asleep on the left side of the bed Don't sleep during the day Do not exercise Do not eat any desserts

29. Decline of Feudalism—Black Death Plague killed 25 million people in 5 years (1/3 of Europe’s population) Plague would disappear, then reappear in the 1600s Effects: wiped out 1/3 population, but those who survived could demand higher wages for labor because there were fewer people to do work— lower & middle classes gained more rights

30. 100 Year’s War

31. Decline of Feudalism—100 Years War Beginning in 1337, England invaded France to take over lands that belonged to William the Conqueror (a Frenchman who ruled England in 1066) Began 116 years of turmoil But there were major effects of 100 Years War: New Weapons/Technology Nationalism

32. New Weapons Longbow—6-foot bows that could fire length of 3 football fields (replaced feudal fighting technique of using exclusively knights on horseback) Cannons—used Chinese technology of gunpowder to shoot 20-inch stone balls (replaced feudal practice of relying on castles for protection)

34. Nationalism People looked at the King as a national leader fighting for the glory of the nation-state English people were proud when England defeated France in battle; French people were proud when France defeated England in battle England France

35. Joan of Arc England & France traded victories for 92 years, but in 1429 a young girl named Joan of Arc had a vision that she could lead France to victory Under her leadership, France defeated England BUT, Joan was captured & condemned to die by fire; Joan of Arc is considered a French hero & religious saint

37. EnglandFrance The Hundred Years War VS.

41. Chapter 10 & 11 Guided Reading Use this time wisely.