1. Lee invasion of North repelled Bloodiest day in US history
Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862
Significance?
Lee invasion of North repelled
Bloodiest day in US history
Lincoln keeps foreign allies against South with Proclamation
Change from McClellan to Burnside
The origin of the term “sideburns”

2. Battle of Fredericksburg:
December 15, 1862

3. Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862
The Battle of Fredericksburg saw more troops engaged than any other battle of the American Civil War (almost 200,000 men). It also involved the first major opposed river crossing in the nation’s history.

4. War Room! Known as the Union’s biggest “folly”
Burnside (U) plans to invade the South and capture the capital (Richmond).
Lee (C) has his men “dug in” behind a stone wall at Marye's Heights, the highest point
War Room!

5. Union embarrassed…again!
Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862
Significance?
Union embarrassed…again!
Prompts more leadership changes with Union
(Burnside to Joe Hooker)

6. Battle of Chancellorsville:
May 6, 1863

7. Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

8. Lee’s greatest victory (defeats Union force twice his size)
Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863
Significance?
Lee’s greatest victory (defeats Union force twice his size)
Lee loses “right hand man” (Stonewall Jackson) due to friendly fire

9. Battle of Gettysburg:
July 1-3, 1863

10. Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

11. - Lee’s second invasion was thwarted
Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863
Significance?
- Lee’s second invasion was thwarted
20k more Union casualties, but turning point in war for South

12. Siege of Vicksburg:
July 4, 1863

13. Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863

14. Union now controls Mississippi River
Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863
Significance?
Union now controls Mississippi River
Grant made commander of Army of Potomac

15. Sherman’s March to the Sea:
Nov – Dec, 1864

16. Grant began a siege on Richmond and…
Due to Grant’s success in the west, Lincoln made Grant supreme commander of Union army in 1864; Grant devised a strategy to invade the South on all fronts
Grant began a siege on Richmond and…
In July 1863, General Grant took Vicksburg & gained control of the Mississippi River
The Civil War
Lee led an attack into the North, but lost at Gettysburg; North’s 1st real victory in the east
William Sherman began his “march to the sea” (Atlanta to Savannah) & destroyed everything of military value

17. - Everything of value is destroyed (homes, fields, etc.)
“Sherman’s Neckties”
Significance?
Demoralizes the South
- Everything of value is destroyed (homes, fields, etc.)

18. Andersonville Prison:
Dec, 1864

19. MAP 1: Civil War Prison Camps
1. Bell Isle—Richmond, Virginia 2. Cahaba Prison—Cahaba, Alabama 3. Camp Chase—Columbus, Ohio 4. Camp Douglas—Chicago, Illinois 5. Camp Florence—Florence, South Carolina 6. Camp Lawton—Millen, Georgia 7. Camp Morton—Indianapolis, Indiana 8. Camp Sumter—Andersonville, Georgia
9. Castle Pickney—Charleston, S.C. 10. Elmira Prison—Elmira, New York 11. Johnson's Island—Sandusky, Ohio 12. Libby Prison—Richmond, Virginia 13. Old Capitol Prison—Washington, D.C. 14. Point Lookout—Point Lookout, MD 15. Rock Island—Rock Island, Illinois 16. Salisbury—Salisbury, North Carolina

20. Prisoners were exchanged on the following basis:
1 general = 46 privates 1 major general = 40 privates 1 brigadier general = 20 privates 1 colonel = 15 privates 1 lieutenant colonel = 10 privates 1 major = 8 privates 1 captain = 6 privates 1 lieutenant = 4 privates 1 noncommissioned officer = 2 privates

22. (Andersonville National Historic Site, National Park Service)

23. (Andersonville National Historic Site, National Park Service)

25. FUN FACT !!!
Roughly 5% of those fighting on Civil War battlefields would die on the battlefield. Roughly 14% of those entering Civil War prison camps would die while in prison camps.
Which would you prefer?

26. Andersonville Prison was shut down when the war ended in 1865.
CONCLUSION:
Andersonville Prison was shut down when the war ended in 1865.
Some former prisoners remained in federal service, but most returned to their prewar civilian occupations.
Andersonville Prison continues to symbolize the prisoner of war experience: physical and mental suffering and the need to cope with almost intolerable conditions.
Significance?
CSA prison camp where 45,000 Union POWs were held
Represents the physical/mental suffering of war

27. Battle of Appomattox Courthouse:
April 9, 1865

28. On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the fighting of Civil War
Significance?
Lee surrenders to Grant, ending the war
- Lincoln will be assassinated just 6 days later

29. Military Leadership During the Civil War
Both graduates of West Point Academy
Both fearless, decisive on battlefield
Both fought Mexican-American War
Video
Lee commanding general throughout
Grant 7th commanding Union general
Refined, always professional
Slob in nature, messy
“Unconditional Surrender”
Brilliant Strategist in battle
An unknown at war’s start
Asked to lead UNION army, helped VA