1. Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications Chapter Fourteen Writing and Presenting Research

2. Key Concepts Writing for scholarly audiences means following specific scholarly styles. Scholarly styles include APA, MLA, Chicago. Wider dissemination of results includes writing for – ▫interest groups ▫news media. The basic writing strategy is to adapt content to audience needs. Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

3. Why Scholarly Style? Ensure full description of study. Ensure accurate references to the work of others. Ensure scholarly credibility. Allow others to replicate a study. Remove (maybe) subjectivity and bias. Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

4. Scholarly Paper Outline Title page Abstract Rationale Introduction Literature Review Research questions / hypotheses. Method Sample Variables Procedures Analyses Results Discussion/ conclusions Implications Limitations Directions for future research References Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

5. Scholarly Citation Styles APA - http://www.apastyle.org/http://www.apastyle.org/ MLA - http://www.mla.org/style http://www.mla.org/style Chicago – http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools _citationguide.html http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools _citationguide.html “House” style – the specific style of a publisher Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

6. Report Writing for Interest Groups Title page Letter or memo of transmittal Table of contents List of illustrations Executive summary Body of report ▫with appropriate subheadings Conclusion Recommendations References (maybe) Appendices Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

7. Different Audience Levels Scholarly - Journal of.... Communication Monographs. Educated Audience Popular Science Psychology Today Popular / Educated Time Popular /General Good Housekeeping, newspapers Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

8. Research Writing: Formats Scholarly papers Poster papers News releases Feature stories Professional or business reports Social media content ▫Blogs, Facebook, Wikis, RSS feeds. Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

9. Scholarly Review Process Manuscript (MS) to editor. MS to reviewers. Reviewers comment to editor. Editor summarizes reviews, determines needed revisions, contacts author. Author rewrites as necessary to needs of editor and reviewers. MS to editor. MS to proofreading, production & distribution. Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

10. Chapter Summary Scholarly Papers – ▫discuss theory, method(s), sampling, results, conclusions. ▫follow style guides such as APA and MLA. Research will interest groups and news media if- ▫it is timely and relevant ▫it emphasizes results, conclusions, and relevance. Make research relevant to news media audiences by – ▫writing in news media formats and styles. Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

11. Vocabulary Review Editorial process Format House styles News determinants Panels Poster papers Professional reports Slideware Style guide Voice Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications

12. Web Resources Citation Machine: http://citationmachine.nethttp://citationmachine.net EasyBib: http://www.easybib.comhttp://www.easybib.com EndNote: http://www.endnote.comhttp://www.endnote.com RefWorks: http://www.refworks.comhttp://www.refworks.com Web Journal of Mass Communication Research: http://www.scripps.ohiou.edu/wjmcr/policy.htm Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications