1. Asexual reproduction is the formation of new individuals from the cell(s) of a single parent. It is very common in plants; less so in animals.

2. Runners: A horizontal stem that roots at its tip. A new plant develops and is eventually freed from the parent plant. Example: Strawberry Plant

3. Rhizomes: An underground stem that bears flowers or fruit close to the ground. Example: Iris

4. Bulbs: a modified shoot consisting of a shortened stem enclosed by fleshy, scale-like leaves.

5. Tubers: Underground structures that contain stored food and develop into a new plant. Example: Potato

6. Marginal Plantlets: Tiny plants that grow on the edge of a mature leaf. Eventually the tiny plantlets fall off and can take up an independent existence. Example: Kalanchoe

7. Grafting: is widely used to propagate a desired variety of shrub or tree. All apple varieties, for example, are propagated this way. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy1Ca8RotRI

8. Spores: Reproductive structures that are adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. The main difference between spores and seeds are that spores have very little stored food resources compared to seeds. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xF83pHEx6Q http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmlWYXfc0ds

9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfPP2CQGuC0

10. Budding: Here, offspring develop as a growth on the body of the parent. In some species, e.g., jellyfish and many echinoderms, the buds break away and take up an independent existence. Hydra Yeast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=489CSop00sY&feature=PlayList&p=88478F4 AA4DA52B3&index=7 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12OmszObAkM&feature=fvw

11. In others, e.g., corals, the buds remain attached to the parent and the process results in colonies of animals. http://vimeo.com/9613681

12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7cXeWxxfD4&feature=related Regeneration: Refers to the ability of some organisms to form entire new individuals from the fragments of one. Gecko Limb Starfish

13. Parthenogenesis In parthenogenesis ("virgin birth"), the females produce eggs, but these develop into young without ever being fertilized. Parthenogenesis occurs in some fishes, several kinds of insects, and a few species of frogs and lizards. It does not normally occur in mammals. http://current.com/1levu4c http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=G41EANkcMvg http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/66 81793.stm#graphic

14. In a few non-mammalian species it is the only method of reproduction, but more commonly animals turn to parthenogenesis only at certain times. For example, aphids use parthenogenesis in the spring when they find themselves with ample food. Reproduction by parthenogenesis is more rapid that sexual reproduction, and the use of this mode of asexual reproduction permits the animals to quickly exploit the available resources.

15. Binary Fission: is the form of asexual reproduction used by most prokaryotes to reproduce. This process results in the reproduction of a living cell by division into two equal or near-equal parts. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cD3U2pgb5w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzDydciWc&feature=related