2. HUMAN BODY BONES & MUSCLES

3. TOPICS Bones. The various types of joints & their functions. Various types of muscle movements in man body.

4. SKELETON The skeleton gives definite shape to the body. The skeleton helps in locomotion. The skeleton protects the vital organs like the brain and the heart. An adult has 206 bones.

5. SKULL The skull is the skeleton of the head The skull protects the brain.

6. RIB CAGE The rib-cage is a cage like structure formed by twelve pairs of ribs, twelve thoracic vertebrae and the sternum i.e. the breast bone. The rib-cage protects the heart and the lungs.

7. VERTEBRAL COLUMN (BACKBONE) The vertebral column forms the central axis of the body. The vertebral column consists of 33 ring-like bones called vertebrae. The vertebral column supports the head and provides attachment to the muscles of the back.

8. JOINT The articulation or attachment of two or more bones is called a joint. There are many types of joints and their functions.

9. TYPES OF JOINTS Hing joints are joints which allow free movements of the articulating bones. The easy movements of bones.

10. BALL & SOCKET JOINT The shoulder and hip joint which move like a ball in a cup are called ball and socket joint. Ball and socket joint allows free movement of arms and legs.

11. GLIDING JOINT Gliding joint is a form of freely movable joint in which the bony surfaces glide over each other. For e.g. Joint in the ankle/wrist.

12. PIVOT JOINT The joint which facilitates the rotatory movement is called pivot joint. The joint between the first and second vertebrae is a pivot joint.

13. MUSCLE The muscle is a tissue containing elongated cells capable of contraction and relaxation. For e.g. Tongue, Heart.

14. Various types of muscle movements in Human body Voluntary Muscles : The muscles whose actions are under the control of the will are called voluntary muscles. For e.g. Hands and Legs. Involuntary Muscles : The muscles whose actions are not under the control of the will are called involuntary muscles. For e.g. Heart beat, Blood vessels, lungs.

15. What did you learn today? A Person’s body is made up of large & small bones. It gives the body shape & support. It also protects the vital internal organs. The bones are interlinked together in different ways. Human body has many muscles. Even they are responsible for giving shape to the body. Bone joints and muscles are responsible for the movement.

16. Fill in the blanks : Knee joints are called as ________ joint. _________ is protected by the skull. The fingers have _________ joint. The shoulder has __________ joint.