1. Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall 20021 CS170 Computer Organization and Architecture I Ayman Abdel-Hamid Department of Computer Science Old Dominion University Lecture 4: 9/5/2002

2. CS170 Fall 20022 Outline Technology trends Some history! Summary of chapter 1 Today we should wrap up chapter 1

3. Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall 20023 Technology Dramatic change Processor –logic capacity: about 30% per year –clock rate: about 20% per year Memory –DRAM capacity: about 60% per year (4x every 3 years) –Memory speed: about 10% per year –Cost per bit: improves about 25% per year Disk –capacity: about 60% per year ©UCB Fall 1997

4. Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall 20024 Workstations Performance Increase COPYRIGHT 1998 MORGAN KAUFMANN PUBLISHERS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Improvement of 54% per year 2x every 18 months Based on integer SPEC92 benchmarks

5. Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall 20025 Some History! Timeline of Computing History Timeline of Computing History (IEEE Computer) (http://www.computer.org/computer/timeline/) The History of computing The History of computing (Virginia Tech) (http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/) Chronology of historical events in Computing Chronology of historical events in Computing (Hofstra University) (http://www.hofstra.edu/Academics/HCLAS/CSC/ComputingHistory/CompHist_timeline.cfm) ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (1946) considered world’s first general-purpose electronic computer 80 feet long by 8.5 feet high and several feet wide Data entered on punched cards COPYRIGHT 1998 MORGAN KAUFMANN PUBLISHERS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

6. Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall 20026 Some History! Computer generations GenerationDatesTechnologyPrincipal new Product 11950-1959Vacuum TubesCommercial Electronic Computer 21960-1968TransistorsCheaper Computers 31969-1977Integrated CircuitMinicomputer 41978-?LSI and VLSIPC and workstations Fig. 1.29 Page 42 Fig. 1.30 Page 43

7. Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall 20027 Summary of Chapter 1 Computer Components Computer architecture and organization Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) Technology (Cost of Integrated Circuits) A Look Ahead  Chapter 2 Performance measures. Execution time is the only adequate measure of performance Benchmarks: what are they and how are they used to evaluate performance