1. Warm Up What did imperialism look like in Africa? What did imperialism look like in Africa? What did imperialism look like in India? What did imperialism look like in India? How were the results similar…different? How were the results similar…different?

2. New Imperialism in Asia

4. Indochina French Colony French Colony Natural resources particularly rubber Natural resources particularly rubber Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia

5. Thailand/Siam Independent Independent “Buffer” between British India and French Indochina “Buffer” between British India and French Indochina

6. China - Internal Problems By the 1800s, the Qing dynasty was in decline By the 1800s, the Qing dynasty was in decline A population explosion put stress on the government A population explosion put stress on the government An extravagant court, tax evasion, official corruption, and bribery in the civil service system led to an increased burden on the peasant class. An extravagant court, tax evasion, official corruption, and bribery in the civil service system led to an increased burden on the peasant class. Emperors refused to change and industrialize. Emperors refused to change and industrialize.

7. Trade Issue Prior to the 1800s, China placed strict restrictions on trade Prior to the 1800s, China placed strict restrictions on trade European merchants and traders were limited to a small area in southern China European merchants and traders were limited to a small area in southern China China sold the Europeans silk, porcelain, and tea in exchange for gold and silver China sold the Europeans silk, porcelain, and tea in exchange for gold and silver China enjoyed a trade surplus, exporting more than it imported China enjoyed a trade surplus, exporting more than it imported Westerners had a trade deficit, buying more from the Chinese than they sold to them Westerners had a trade deficit, buying more from the Chinese than they sold to them

9. Fixing the Trade Imbalance During the 1700s, British merchants introduced Indian opium to China During the 1700s, British merchants introduced Indian opium to China The opium was traded for Chinese tea, which had become extremely popular in England The opium was traded for Chinese tea, which had become extremely popular in England Many Chinese citizens became addicted to the drug Many Chinese citizens became addicted to the drug Silver flowed out of China in payment for opium Silver flowed out of China in payment for opium This disrupted the Chinese economy and depleted the Chinese treasury This disrupted the Chinese economy and depleted the Chinese treasury

11. The Opium War The Chinese government outlawed opium and executed drug dealers The Chinese government outlawed opium and executed drug dealers They called on Britain to stop the opium trade They called on Britain to stop the opium trade The British refused, calling for free trade The British refused, calling for free trade In 1839, Chinese warships clashed with British merchants, triggering the Opium War In 1839, Chinese warships clashed with British merchants, triggering the Opium War British gunboats bombarded Chinese coastal and river ports British gunboats bombarded Chinese coastal and river ports The British used their superior weapons and tactics to defeat Chinese forces The British used their superior weapons and tactics to defeat Chinese forces

12. Unequal Treaties In 1842, Treaty of Nanjing ends Opium Wars. In 1842, Treaty of Nanjing ends Opium Wars. The British gained the island of Hong Kong The British gained the island of Hong Kong China had to open five ports to foreign trade China had to open five ports to foreign trade British citizens were granted extraterritoriality, the right to live under their own laws and be tried in their own courts British citizens were granted extraterritoriality, the right to live under their own laws and be tried in their own courts This was the first in a series of “unequal treaties” that forced China to make concessions to western powers This was the first in a series of “unequal treaties” that forced China to make concessions to western powers During the mid-1800s, under pressure from the West, China opened up more ports to foreign trade and let Christian missionaries into China During the mid-1800s, under pressure from the West, China opened up more ports to foreign trade and let Christian missionaries into China

13. The Taiping Rebellion 1850- 1864 As peasant misery increased, a rebellion broke out As peasant misery increased, a rebellion broke out The rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan, a village school teacher who thought he was brother of Jesus Christ. The rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan, a village school teacher who thought he was brother of Jesus Christ. He wanted to establish a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”- the Taiping He wanted to establish a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”- the Taiping Hong’s ideas were considered radical by Chinese leaders Hong’s ideas were considered radical by Chinese leaders He supported land reform, community ownership of property, and equality for women and men He supported land reform, community ownership of property, and equality for women and men

14. Effects The rebellion almost toppled the Qing dynasty The rebellion almost toppled the Qing dynasty The rebellion caused an estimated 20-30 million deaths The rebellion caused an estimated 20-30 million deaths The dynasty survived but was weakened The dynasty survived but was weakened During the rebellion, the Europeans kept the pressure on China During the rebellion, the Europeans kept the pressure on China Russia seized lands in northern China Russia seized lands in northern China

15. Self-Strengthening Government In the 1860s, reformers launched the “self-strengthening movement” In the 1860s, reformers launched the “self-strengthening movement” They imported western technology- modern factories, shipyards, railroads, mining, and light industry They imported western technology- modern factories, shipyards, railroads, mining, and light industry The movement made little progress because the government did not support it The movement made little progress because the government did not support it

16. Spheres of Influence The western powers carved out spheres of influence along the Chinese coast (areas where Europeans had influence over trade and government, not the Chinese) The western powers carved out spheres of influence along the Chinese coast (areas where Europeans had influence over trade and government, not the Chinese) Britain, France, Germany, and Russia all claimed a sphere of influence in China Britain, France, Germany, and Russia all claimed a sphere of influence in China The United States did not claim a sphere, but was worried that the European powers would close trade to U.S. merchants The United States did not claim a sphere, but was worried that the European powers would close trade to U.S. merchants

17. U.S. Open Door Policy In 1899, the United States called for an “Open Door policy” in China In 1899, the United States called for an “Open Door policy” in China No colonies but China remain open to trading with all countries. No colonies but China remain open to trading with all countries. The European powers accepted the policy The European powers accepted the policy

19. The Qing Dynasty Falls As the 19th century ended, the Qing dynasty was in decline As the 19th century ended, the Qing dynasty was in decline However, the Chinese did not like having foreign troops in their country However, the Chinese did not like having foreign troops in their country They also resented Christian missionaries They also resented Christian missionaries

20. Boxer Uprising In 1899, the situation exploded In 1899, the situation exploded A secret organization, the Righteous Harmonious Fists, wanted to expel all foreigners from China A secret organization, the Righteous Harmonious Fists, wanted to expel all foreigners from China In 1900, the Boxers attacked foreigners across China In 1900, the Boxers attacked foreigners across China The western powers and Japan sent in troops to put down the uprising. The western powers and Japan sent in troops to put down the uprising.

23. Three Principles of the People The Boxer Rebellion led to increased nationalism The Boxer Rebellion led to increased nationalism In 1900, a constitutional monarchy was introduced In 1900, a constitutional monarchy was introduced Some began pushing for a republic Some began pushing for a republic

24. Sun Yixian Sun Yixian (also known as Sun Yat- sen) wanted to rebuild China on “Three Principles of the People” Sun Yixian (also known as Sun Yat- sen) wanted to rebuild China on “Three Principles of the People” 1. Nationalism- drive out the foreigners 2. Democracy- representative democracy 3. Livelihood- economic security for all Chinese

25. Birth of a Republic The Qing dynasty fell in 1911 The Qing dynasty fell in 1911 Sun Yixian was named president of the new Chinese republic Sun Yixian was named president of the new Chinese republic However, for the next 37 years, China faced constant warfare (foreign and domestic) However, for the next 37 years, China faced constant warfare (foreign and domestic)