1. 1 Unit 1 Chapter 1

2. 1 Unit 1 Anatomy: Science of Structure Physiology: Science of body functions

3. 1 Unit 1 Chemical: atoms->molecules Cellular: cells with organelles Basic unit of life Tissue: groups of cells & surround 4 basic types: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous Organ: groups of tissues performing a common function System: group of organs with a common function Organism

4. 1 Unit 1 Tissue  cardiac Organ  heart System  cardiovascular sys. Organismal  person

5. Figure 1.1

6. 1 Unit 1 1.Integumentary 2.Skeletal 3.Muscular 4.Nervous 5.Endocrine 6.Cardiovascular 7.Lymphatic 8.Respiratory 9.Digestive 10.Urinary 11.Reproductive

7. 1 Unit 1 Major organs Skin Hair Nails Major function Protects the body

8. 1 Unit 1 Major organs Bones Joints Cartilage Major function Supports body and shape Aids in movement

9. 1 Unit 1 Main organs Skeletal muscles Cardiac muscles Smooth muscles Main function Movement

10. 1 Unit 1 Main organs Brain Spinal cord Nerves Main function Detecting and responding to stimuli

11. 1 Unit 1 Main organs Thyroid Pancreas Adrenal gland Main function Regulates body activities through hormones

12. 1 Unit 1 Main organs Blood Heart Blood vessels Main function Carries nutrients, oxygen, and chemicals to body while removing carbon dioxide and wastes away from body

13. 1 Unit 1 Main organs Spleen Thymus Lymph nodes Main function Like a sewer system for the body Immunity- fighting diseases

14. 1 Unit 1 Main components Lungs Pharynx (throat) Trachea (windpipe) Main functions Gas exchange, oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

15. 1 Unit 1 Main organs Esophagus Stomach Intestines Accessory organs Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Main functions Breaks down food Absorbs nutrients Eliminates waste

16. 1 Unit 1 Main components Kidneys Bladder Urethra Main functions Produces, stores and eliminates urine

17. 1 Unit 1 Main organs Gonads (testes or ovaries) Uterus and vagina in females Penis in males Main function Sexual reproduction

18. 1 Unit 1 1.Head- cephalic 2.Skull- cranial 3.Face-facial 4.Eye- orbital 5.Ear-otic 6.Nose- nasal 7.Mouth- oral 8.Neck- cervical 9.Chest- thoracic 10.Breastbone-sternal 11.Breast- mammary 12.Shoulder- acromial 13.Armpit- axillary 14.Shoulder blade- scapular 15.Arm- brachial 16.Forearm- antebrachial

19. 1 Unit 1 17.Wrist- carpal 18.Knuckles- metacarpals 19.Hand- manual 20.Palm- palmer 21.Fingers and toes- phalangeal or digital 22.Abdomen- abdominal 23.Navel- umbilical 24.Back- dorsal 25.Spine- vertebral 26.Loin (lower back)- lumbar 27.Back in-between hips- sacral 28.Genital- pubic 29.Groin- inguinal 30.Buttocks- gluteal 31.Thigh- femoral 32.Kneecap- patellar 33.Back of knee- popliteal 34.Hip- coxal 35.Pelvis- pelvic

20. 1 Unit 1 36.Shin-crural 37.Calf- sural 38.Ankle- tarsal 39.Foot- pedal 40.Ball of foot- metatarsal 41.Heel- calcaneal 42.Sole- plantar

21. 1 Unit 1 Metabolism Responsiveness Movement Growth Differentiation Reproduction

22. 1 Unit 1 Maintaining a stable internal environment Dynamic process

23. 1 Unit 1 Maintained by feedback systems Involves adjusting the value of a physiological variable Must be measured and then changed toward some goal

24. 1 Unit 1 Variable at issue=controlled variable Receptor. measures variable value Control Center. evaluates input from receptor and send output to the effector Effector. System that changes the value of the controlled variable as determined by the control center

25. Figure 1.2

26. 1 Unit 1 Reverses a change in the controlled variable, bringing it back to “normal” This is the process that maintains homeostasis E.g. blood sugar levels, blood pressure, body temperature

27. Figure 1.3

28. 1 Unit 1 This process strengthens a change. Rare but important Must be shut down by an outside force. E.g. child birth, ovulation, blood clotting

29. 1 Unit 1 Disorder: abnormality of structure/function Disease: specific illness determined by signs & symptoms Symptoms: subjective changes not observable form outside Signs: measurable observable changes

30. 1 Unit 1 Normal process that includes a progressive loss in the ability to maintain homeostasis

31. 1 Unit 1 Precise use of language to define position, direction and location in the body.

32. Figure 1.4a

33. Figure 1.4b

34. Figure 1.5

35. Figure 1.6

36. Figure 1.7a

37. Figure 1.7b

38. Figure 1.7c

39. 1 Unit 1 Superior- near the top of the body Inferior- near the bottom of the body Anterior- near the front of the body Posterior- near the back of the body Medial- near the middle of the body Lateral- near the edges of the body

40. 1 Unit 1 Proximal- near the trunk Distal- far from the trunk Superficial- close to the surface Deep- far from the surface

41. 1 Unit 1 Sagittal- divides the body vertically into right and left sides Midsagittal- sagittal down the middle specifically Parasagittal- sagittal off to one side Frontal (also called coronal)- divides the body into front and back portions

42. 1 Unit 1 Transverse (also called cross- sectional or horizontal)- divides body into top and bottom portions Oblique- like transverse but at an angle

43. Figure 1.8 part 1

44. Figure 1.8 part 2

45. Figure 1.10a

46. Figure 1.10b

47. Figure 1.11