1. THESE SLIDES COVER TOPICS THAT WE COVERED IN CLASS FOR CHAPTER 4

2. CHAPTER THE RISE AND FALL OF GREECE + CLASSICAL AGE EMPIRES TIME LINE GREECE PELOPONESSIAN WARS 431-404 b.c.e. PERICLES—Athenian Golden Age— 460-429 b.c.e. ALEXANDER THE GREAT 320’s b.c.e. INDIA MAURYAN DYNAST Y 321-1b.c.e. Chandragupta 321 b.c.e. + Asoka 268 b.c.e. Chandragupta 321 b.c.e. + Asoka 268 b.c.e. GUPTA—Golden Age—320 c.e. – 5 50 c.e. CHINA Ch’in—Shi Huang Di—221-206 b.c.e. Han—Wudi—20 b.c.e. – 220 c.e. ROME Punic Wars 421-146 b.c.e. Augustus 31 b.c.e. Pax Romana 31 b.c.e. – 220 b.c.e.

3. GREECE The next few slides include some of terms and topics we have discussed on Greece. Please review.

4. REVIEW THESE TERMS TO KNOW Hegemony—dominate Demagogue—a political leader who gains power by appealing to people's emotions, instincts, and prejudices in a way that is considered manipulative and dangerous Medize—to go over to the other side; to join the enemy Barbarian—babbler—those who did not speak Greek Delian League—confederation of Greek poleis under the leadership of Athens. Originally formed to protect Greece from Persia. Members had to pay tribute to Athens! Peloponnesian League—Sparta formed this league to gain control over the constitutions of member states. Sparta’s goal: to prevent democracies & social turmoil.

5. NEW TERMS Timocracy — division of power according to one’s wealth Plutocracy — rule by birth—generally a noble birth (which means that there is also some wealth)

6. BE CERTAIN TO HAVE COMPLETED THIS CHARTYEAR ATHENIAN LEADER POLICIESASSESSMENT 621 b.c.e. DRACO 594 b.c.e. SOLON 560 b.c.e. PEISISTRAUS 500 b.c.e. CLEISTHENES 494 b.c.e. PERICLES

7. ATHENS

8. “Athens proceeded in orderly fashion from crisis to crisis.” After 750 b.c.e. Athens slowly progressed from: –Monarch to –Oligarchy to –Democracy TERMS—eupatrids = aristocrats

9. CLEISTHENES, 500 b.c.e. Appointed by oligarchy to restore old order; –HE HELD A GRUDGE AGAINST THE EUPATRIDS…WHAT WILL HE DO? Divided Athens into 10 districts; Each district had a 50 member law-making body: –Took people from each region & put them into these district law-making bodies Opened almost ALL offices to ALL men; Introduced ostracism…WHY? –any one who angered the DEMOS would be thrown out! HOW DID HE CONTRIBUTE TO THE PEOPLE or “DEMOS” OF ATHENS? The majority of the people were the underclass. He integrated them into the political system!

10. THE AGE OF PERICLES 460-429 b.c.e. Periclean Athens was: –Direct democracy— a large number of citizens take direct part in day-to- day affairs of govt. –Public officials were paid a fixed salary (stipend) –Jury system— male citizens over 30 yrs. Of age were chosen by lot to serve on the jury for one year. Jurors were paid a stipend. –Public Works Projects were initiated. –Public festivals were given. –Ended “oligarchy” of elder aristocrats

11. What had the Greek victory against the Persians(480 b.c.e.) do for Athenian democracy? Radicalized Athenian democracy! It had been men of the poorer classes who had rowed their ships to victory. Now they were in a position to insist on full citizenship.

12. What had the Greek victory against the Persians(480 b.c.e.) do for Athenian democracy? Radicalized Athenian democracy! It had been men of the poorer classes who had rowed their ships to victory. Now they were in a position to insist on full citizenship.

13. SPARTA

14. SPARTAN SOCIAL ORDER Location: Southern Peloponnesian Peninsula. Sparta’s population consisted of: –Equals –Equals—adult male Spartan citizens over the age of 18. Equals held substantial rights of political participation—which was unusual at so early a date. –Resident Aliens –Resident Aliens —indigenous people who were not citizens due to their ancestry (i.e., Dorians or other people); –Helots –Helots —slaves; mostly conquered Messenians.

15. Spartan Political System TWO Deliberative Councils— Assembly—ALL EQUALS BELONGED: –direct democracy; –could propose and/or end wars; –make a treaty; –could not legislate only could set agenda Council—“guards of Sparta” –2 Kings –5 Ephors (overseers)—these were men over 60 who were to see that all laws passed would be in accordance with Spartan tradition. Secret Police Secret Police —men between 18-20 years of age—spied on helots, resident aliens and snooped on ordinary equals. Totalitarian s Totalitarian society.

16. Spartan Political System TWO Deliberative Councils— Assembly of ALL EQUALS BELONGED: Council—“guards of Sparta” –2 Kings –5 Ephors (overseers) Why appoint the youngest to be secret police? Secret Police Secret Police —men between 18-20 years of age—spied on helots, resident aliens and snooped on ordinary equals.

17. PERSIA

18. In 500 B.C.E., it was the largest and most impressive empire imperial system drew on Mesopotamian prototypesimperial system drew on Mesopotamian prototypes much larger and more splendid than Mesopotamian Empiresmuch larger and more splendid than Mesopotamian Empires Cyrus (r. 557–530 B.C.E.) + Darius (r. 522–486 B.C.E.) expanded empire from Egypt to IndiaCyrus (r. 557–530 B.C.E.) + Darius (r. 522–486 B.C.E.) expanded empire from Egypt to India diverse empire with population of around 35 M. peoplediverse empire with population of around 35 M. people

19. Elaborate cult of kingship rule by will of the g-d Ahura Mazda (Zoroastrian)rule by will of the g-d Ahura Mazda (Zoroastrian) Dualistic faithDualistic faith absolute monarchyabsolute monarchy Immense wealth and power holding the empire together violent punishments by king violent punishments by king effective administrative system effective administrative system Satraps—Persian governors in all 23 provinces Satraps—Persian governors in all 23 provinces Lower-Level Officials—drawn from local authorities respect for non-Persian cultural traditionsrespect for non-Persian cultural traditions standardized coinage, predictable taxesstandardized coinage, predictable taxes encouragement of communication and commerceencouragement of communication and commerce

20. INDIA Be certain to complete the comparison charts that we did as teams in class.

21. MAURYAN 326-184 b.c.e.GUPTA 320-550 b.c.e. Leaders322 BC, Chandragupta Maurya 268 b.c.e. Ashoka 320 c.e. Chandra Gupta I 330 c.e. Chandra Gupta II State Structure Inter- actions Inno- vations

22. ALEXANDER THE GREAT Alexander III of Macedon (356 – 323 BCE) ASOKA THE GREAT Ashoka Maurya (304–232 BCE) Personal Back- ground Philip of Macedon’s son P lutocracy Chandragupta’s grandson Plutocracy Policies + Practices Inter- actions Durability Hellenistic Era continued (336- 31 b.c.e.) for @ 300 yrs. (until Roman conquest); Romans continued to borrow from this Greek-centered era. Due to family feuds amongst his children, the empire imploded (184 b.c.e.) and India returned to state-mandated Hinduism

23. ROME + CHINA This will be sent after we complete Rome + China.