2. From Monarchy to Republic  Rome began as an independent city state  The Roman Kings  Had broad powers  Served as head of the army, chief priest and supreme judge  Ruled with consent of wealthy aristocrats called the senate  The Founding of the Republic  Over time aristocrats grew tired of royal rule  509 BCE the romans overthrew the king and formed a republic

3. Principles of Roman Government  Rome’s system combined various forms of government to give all citizens a role in government.  Rome’s Constitution  Constitution: system of rules by which a government is organized  Rome’s was unwritten and based on custom  Separation of Powers  Power is shared among different people with set roles  System to ensure one person doesn’t have too much power  Offices were split between two or more men  Two top leaders called consuls  Limited power of officials by limiting time in office to one year

4. Principles of Roman Government  Checks and Balances  Each branch had its own power but one branch could stop abuse of another with its own rules  Power was divided among three branches of government  Senate, Assembly, Magistrates  Rule of Law  Defined= The law applies to everyone  Even elected officials

5. Roman CitizensRoman Citizens  Free Roman men were citizens of the republic  Symbol of citizenship was the toga  Rights and Responsibilities  All citizens had a right to a trial  All citizens had to serve in the army if he could afford his own armor  Patricians  From wealthy families  Plebeians  Majority of Romans  Farmers or artisans  Forced patricians to open political offices by going on strike during war

6. Assemblies and SenateAssemblies and Senate  Assemblies  All adults male citizens could participate  Elected officials and passed laws  The Senate  Made up of patricians  Chose by censor  Ran foreign policy, made suggestions, decided how to spend money  Consuls  Top officials in the Roman Republic  Lead the army, highest judges  Dictators  Important public official in ancient Rome  Held complete power for a limited time

7. Magistrates  Magistrates= Elected official who enforces the laws  Wealthy men  Elected position

8. The Roman ExampleThe Roman Example  The Roman Republic lasted 500 years  Many modern examples of government were inspired by the Romans  United States of America  Citizens have the right to vote  3 branches of government  Checks and balances  Rule of law

9. Tullia’s Father Saves the Republic  My World pages 580-583  What are some reasons Tullia is proud of her father?  Why are Cicero’s views about his daughter unusual in the Roman Republic?  Using examples explain Cicero’s leadership style.