1. The Early Government 1781-1803

2. Ok…so we won the revolution…. Now what????

3. The Critical Period (1781-1788)  Why are these years so critical to the survival of America?

4. The problem with Revolutions….  Citizens and leaders are killed  Some leaders take over with extreme ideas  Everyone and everything is destroyed that the extreme leaders do not agree with

5. Why is America so different?  Separated from its tension by an ocean  More like a war than chaos  Founders and the citizens don’t fragment and kill each other  Got to work as soon as war was over  Shared the common goal for the new government and all cooperated

6. How will we create our new government?  Ideas come from:  Ancient Greece and Rome  Republicanism  Enlightenment philosophy  Continental Congress debates 3 big questions  How will the people be represented?  What role will the national government play?  How do we deal with Western land settlement?

7. 1. Representation under the AOC  Each state had 1 vote  2 levels of government  State were powerful in some matters  National government were powerful in some matters  An alliance between state and national government  Divided power/responsibility

8. 2. The Role of the National Government National GovernmentStates Declare War1 vote Sign treatiesTaxes raised by states System of weights and measuresNeed unanimous decision to add new states Post OfficeNee unanimous decision to change Articles of Confederation Borrow Money Relationship with Native Americans

9. 3. Western Lands: a. Land Ordinance of 1785 Plan used to survey newly acquired land.

10. b. Northwest Ordinance of 1787  Created territories  Set up requirements for admission of new states  Congress appointed governor  Needed 5000 voting inhabitants to appoint own governor  Needed 60,000 free inhabitants to write state constitution and apply for statehood

11. Rebellion & Convention  Shay’s Rebellion  Daniel Shay leads rebellion of angry farmers  Disgruntled over creditors, he wishes to close courts  What does this demonstrate about National Government?  Effect   Constitutional Convention (Philadelphia)  More states participate in convention as result of Shay’s Rebellion

12. Articles Of Confederation vs. the Constitution

13. AOC & Constitution Comparison  Working with a partner, complete the Comparison chart  Answer the following questions: 1. Identify 2 major flaws of the Articles of Confederation 2. Describe 2-3 major changes the Constitution made to correct these flaws. 3. Why is the Constitution consider a “living document”?

14. Problems Arise  Economic  Issue of Taxation  Needed to resolve war debt  Political  AOC needed a unanimous vote to pass anything (1 state could stall process)  Foreign Relations  Central gov’t too weak to fight foreign countries when conflict arises (Britain & Spain) AOC HadAOC Lacked Declare WarNo Executive Branch Sign TreatiesNo national courts Establish Postal ServiceNo one to carry out laws Deal w/ N. Americans Borrow Money

15. New Government  Federalism  Divided power between national and state  Democratic-Republic  People elect representatives

16. Constitution  Ratification: official approval  States hold own conventions to determine if they ratify  9/13 states needed to ratify  Federalists – Supported Constitution  Anti-Federalists – Opposed Constitution

17. State Representation  Great Compromise  Combination of Virginia & New Jersey Plans  Big States v. Small States  Creation of the 2 house Congress  Senate:Equal Representation  House of Rep:Population determines #

18. Compromise on Population  3/5 Compromise  Question as to whether slaves counted towards states population  3/5 of state’s slaves counted

19. Separation of Powers  Legislative Branch  Makes Laws  Congress (Senate & House of Rep.)  Judicial Branch  Interpret Laws  Supreme Court  Executive Branch  Carry out Laws  President

20. System of Checks & Balances

21. Electoral College  # Senators + # House of Representatives= # of Electors  Framers did not trust people to directly elect president  Today:  538 total votes; 270 needed to win  27 states require by law Electoral College to vote according to popular vote  23 states do not have any laws, but typically follow the popular vote

22. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

23. Constitutional Analysis  Federalist Viewpoint 1. 2. 3.  Anti-federalist Viewpoint 1. 2. 3.

24. Bill of Rights  Added in 1791  10 amendments (pg 149)  Guarantee citizens certain rights & freedoms  Addition was essential for ratification of Constitution in some states