1. EOCT Review
Day 1: Cells

2. SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.
Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.
Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).
Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion)

3. SB1a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.
Prokaryotic: No nucleus or membrane-bound structures
Ex. Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
Eukaryotic: have nucleus and membrane-bound structures
Ex. Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
Plant cells: have chloroplasts, cell wall
Animal cells: no cell wall or chloroplasts

4. SB1a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.
Important organelles
Nucleus: contains DNA, which controls cell functions
Chloroplasts: capture solar energy for photosynthesis
Golgi: modify, sort, and ship proteins and lipids
Mitochondria: production of ATP (energy)
Ribosomes: synthesis of proteins
Cell membrane: controls movement of substances in an out of the cell

5. SB1b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.
Enzymes are biological catalysts, meaning they speed up chemical reactions
Enzymes are proteins
Enzymes bind to a specific substrate at the active site, forming products
Enzymes function by lowering activation energy
The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the enzyme

6. SB1b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.

7. SB1c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i. e
SB1c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).
Carbohydrates
Function: energy storage
Monomer: monosaccharides
Ex. Glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch
Lipids
Function: energy storage, insulation, waterproofing
Ex. Fats, oils, waxes

8. SB1c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i. e
SB1c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).
Proteins
Function: Control rate of cell reactions, form structures
Monomer: amino acids
Ex. Enzymes, antibodies
Nucleic acids
Function: store genetic information
Monomer: nucleotides
Ex. DNA, RNA

9. SB1d. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i. e
SB1d. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion)
Passive transport: requires no energy
Diffusion: movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Osmosis: movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration
Hypotonic: low solute concentration
Water moves into a cell (cell swells) when in a hypotonic solution
Hypertonic: high solute concentration
Water moves out of a cell (cell shrinks) when in a hypertonic solution

10. SB1d. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i. e
SB1d. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion)

11. SB1d. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i. e
SB1d. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion)
Active Transport: Requires Energy
Endocytosis: cell surrounds and takes in substances from its environment
Exocytosis: substances leave the cell