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Cells
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Cell Discovery 1665 Robert Hooke: Around the time of Newton
discovered the cell Saw dead cells of a cork plant Called them cells because they related to his ‘cell’
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Cell Discovery 1673 Antony van Leeuwenhoek Saw first live cell
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Cell Theory 150 Years Later
All living things are composed of one or more cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
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Cell Diversity 200 different types of cells in our body
Most are microscopic Few can be seen without a microscope Frog egg cells Giraffe nerve cell in leg (2 meters long)
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Shape Determines Function!!
Cell Shapes Why are cells shaped differently? Shape Determines Function!!
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Cell Shapes What does a nerve cell look like?
How does a skin cell appear?
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Shape Determines Function!!
Cell Shapes What about a white blood cell? Why?? Shape Determines Function!!
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Internal Organization
Cells have structures called organelles Perform specific functions in the cell Like miniature organs
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Why are Cells so Small? Surface area to volume ratio!!
As a cell gets larger, it adds volume faster than it adds surface area (In English) The bigger the inside, the less area there is on the outside for stuff to pass through Modeling Activity
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Animal Cell Organelles Taken from www.cellsalive.com
Nucleus: Brain Control center of the cell Surrounded by 2 membranes DNA found here
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Animal Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Smooth & Rough Smooth ER Lacks Ribosomes Synthesizes fats Rough ER Contains ribosomes Synthesizes proteins
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Animal Cell Organelles
Golgi Apparatus (golgi body): UPS Center Packages and transports moleules
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Animal Cell Organelles
Lysosomes: Police force & Recycle Center Digest invaders (such as bacteria) Recycle materials from old organelles
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Animal Cell Organelles
Mitochondrion: Power house Provide the cell with energy ATP important here Surrounded by 2 membranes
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Animal Cell Organelles
Cytosol: Soup of the cell “Bathes” other organelles with nutrients Cell membrane: Gatekeeper Controls what goes in or out of the cell
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Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole: Landfill & Scaffolding
Stores water, chemicals, and wastes Important in plant rigidity
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Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis factories
Photosynthesis occurs here Gives plants their green color Surrounded by 2 membranes
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Plant Cell Organelles Cell wall: Shape & Protection
Provides plants with their shape (no bones) Protects the plant (no skin)
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Prokaryote Cell Organelles
Single Cell Cell wall No nucleus Nuclear region No membrane bound organelles
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