2. HEALTH PROMOTION IN URBAN COMMUNITIES Presented by Jenny Nguyen Public Health Relations & Communities

3. What is health promotion? Allows people to increase their wellness (WHO) Educates people to change behavior & environment (Erickson) 7 dimensions of health Social, emotional, spiritual, environmental, occupational, intellectual, physical

4. Importance of health promotion (HPB) Prevents disease, disability, and premature death Increase overall health status Increase quality of life Reduce financial costs

5. Health initiatives & awareness in the past for tuberculosis 1786: 1 st recorded & mortality rates 1882: Koch discovers causes of TB & contagiousness 1892: Flick creates organization for TB prevention 1894: Trudeau builds lab solely for TB research 1904: Trudeau & Flick found the American Lung Association

6. RESULTS OF TB PREVENTION & AWARENESS

7. Present health promotion resources (Erikson) Health education EnvironmentScreeningsWorksite

8. What are urban communities? More than 2,500 in population People who live in the city Many buildings and houses close together 1/3 of U.S. citizens live in urban areas (U.S. Census Bureau)

9. Health wellness concerns in urban communities Low income Limited access to healthy food High risk for obesity Limited access to health care Screenings, regular checkups Lack of health education Ethnic disparities

13. Low income families (National Center for Children in Poverty) In 2000, 51% of children from in urban areas (8.9 million) live in low- income families Urban low-income families 79% of children have 1 employed parent 53% of children’s parents are both employed Parents reason for unemployment 47% homemaker 26% have disabilities or sick

16. SNAP Program cuts (CBS News, 2013) Nutrition-assistance program Increases quality of family and children health SNAP benefits set to fall 47 million for low-income families Since the drop  $1.40 per meal

17. SNAP Benefits Cuts

18. Why it is important to change wellness in urban communities (WHO) Urbanization Urban settings are health determinant Infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases Sanitation Violence and crime Future medical costs

19. Other health risks: HIV/AIDS High risk area  HIV more prevalent Easy transmission of disease How it can be prevented Primary, secondary, & tertiary prevention Free health-clinics: https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/prevention/hiv- testing/hiv-test-locations/https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/prevention/hiv- testing/hiv-test-locations/

20. high poverty % high HIV/AIDS rates

21. URBAN AREAS

22. Current Urban Health Promotion Programs & Organizations Urban Youth Empowerment Program Housing assistance, legal advice, tax services World Vision Domestic programs, school donations, disaster-relief and recovery programs The Neighborhood Center (Camden) Academic, athletic, and arts program for children

23. REFERENCES World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/topics/health_promotion/en/World Health Organizationhttp://www.who.int/topics/health_promotion/en/ University of California Riverside: https://wellness.ucr.edu/seven_dimensions.htmlUniversity of California Riversidehttps://wellness.ucr.edu/seven_dimensions.html Erickson, John: https://www.prevent.org/data/files/initiatives/johnerickson.pdfErickson, Johnhttps://www.prevent.org/data/files/initiatives/johnerickson.pdf Health Promotion Behavior: https://www.publichealth.uga.edu/hpb/what-health-promotion-behaviorhttps://www.publichealth.uga.edu/hpb/what-health-promotion-behavior American Experience – The Forgotten Plague: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/plague-timeline/American Experience – The Forgotten Plague http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/plague-timeline/ University of Nebraska-Lincoln: http://wellness.unl.edu/wellness-modelhttp://wellness.unl.edu/wellness-model History of Public Health: http://wwwapp1.bumc.bu.edu/lphi/publichealthtraining/onlinecourses/publichealthhistory/mobile_pages/PublicHealthHi story6.html http://wwwapp1.bumc.bu.edu/lphi/publichealthtraining/onlinecourses/publichealthhistory/mobile_pages/PublicHealthHi story6.html Urban Communities: http://citadel.sjfc.edu/students/rnr00577/e-port/msti260/urban.htmhttp://citadel.sjfc.edu/students/rnr00577/e-port/msti260/urban.htm National Center for Children Poverty: http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_637.htmlhttp://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_637.html Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kevin-hartnett/cost-of-kids_b_1457556.htmlhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/kevin-hartnett/cost-of-kids_b_1457556.html State of Obesity: http://stateofobesity.org/disparities/blacks/http://stateofobesity.org/disparities/blacks/ CBS News: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/millions-on-food-stamps-facing-benefits-cuts/CBS Newshttp://www.cbsnews.com/news/millions-on-food-stamps-facing-benefits-cuts/ CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/HIVFactSheets/Epidemic/Factors.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/HIVFactSheets/Epidemic/Factors.htm News Republic: http://www.newrepublic.com/article/118395/who-does-hiv-affect-new-maps-break-down-epidemicNews Republichttp://www.newrepublic.com/article/118395/who-does-hiv-affect-new-maps-break-down-epidemic