1. Skin Cancer Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer
2 out of 5 cancers are skin cancers

2. Skin Cancer Cancer – uncontrolled cell growth
Caused by damage to the DNA (in the nucleus) usually through chemicals or radiation
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3. Tumor Types Two types of tumors Benign Does not spread (encapsulated)
Malignant: these are the cancerous ones
Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body

4. Prevention
Ultraviolet Radiation is the main cause of all skin cancers

5. Skin Cancer Types Basal cell carcinoma
Least malignant - Most common type
Arises from stratum basale
cannot produce keratin
Boundary lost between dermis and epidermis
90% of skin cancers are basal cell
Seldom metastasizes – treated surgically or by radiation – 99% cure rate if caught early
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6. Basal Cell Carcinoma

7. Basal Cell Carcinoma

8. Skin Cancer Types Squamous cell carcinoma
2nd most common skin cancer – most common in darker skinned people
Arises from stratum spinosum
Metastasizes to lymph nodes if left untreated
deaths in US per year
Early removal allows a good chance of cure
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9. Squamous Cell Carcinoma

10. Cumulative Effects IMPORTANT TO KNOW
Basal cell & squamous cell carcinomas are due to cumulative effects of the sun’s radiation (or chemical exposures as well)
These tend to develop in ages 30-40s after years of daily sun exposure

11. Skin Cancer Types Malignant melanoma
Least common BUT most deadly of skin cancers
Originates melanocytes
Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels
Early detection is critical – see notes for survival rates
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. Intensive Effects
Malignant Melanoma tends to occur in younger ages (as well as older people)
It is due to brief intense exposures (aka: sunburns)
This is the most serious form of skin cancer and MUST be caught early to be treated successfully!

13. ABCD Rule A = Asymmetry Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B = Border irregularity
Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color
Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter
Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter (pencil eraser)
Mole starts growing/changing in size
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14. Malignant Melanoma

15. Melanomas

16. Melanomas

17. Burns

18. Burns
Define: Protein denaturation and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
2 main dangers
Dehydration–Loss of fluids & Electrolytes lead to:
Renal Shutdown
Circulatory shock
Infection
Skin (mechanical)barrier lost
Immune system depresses
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

19. Rule of nines diagram
Used to estimate the % extent of skin burned so doctors will know how much fluid to replace for rehydration to prevent
Circulatory shock
Renal failure
Need to memorize & be able to use

20. Partial Thickness Burns
First-degree burns
Only epidermis is damaged
Local redness, swelling, & pain
Usually heal in 2-3 days (short time period) with NO scarring
Slide 4.27
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

21. Partial Thickness Burns
Second degree burns
Epidermis and upper dermis & structures within dermis are damaged
Appearance of blisters of any size
Skin regeneration in 3-4 weeks with some scarring
There is a danger of infection
Slide 4.27
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

26. Full Thickness Burns Third-degree burns
Epidermis, Dermis and all structures within are completely destroyed
Usually painless at site of burn due to destruction of sense recept
Burn is gray-white, tan, brown, black, or deep cherry red
Surrounded by areas of 1st & 2nd degree burns that will be painful
Treatments are numerous but will involve skin grafting of some sort, fluid replacement and debridement – may take months/years
Slide 4.27
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32. All degrees of burns

33. 'Burns surgery for Sum Maya' hi-res | International Nepal Fellowship

34. Other Integumentary System disorders
May help with WS

35. Athlete’s Foot

36. Boils
Cold Sores

37. Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
Infections and allergies
Contact dermatitis
Exposures cause allergic reaction
Impetigo
Caused by bacterial infection
Psoriasis
Cause is unknown
Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

38. Impetigo
Psoriasis