1. Earthwork & Volumes Spec Requirements End Areas End-area Volumes
Borrow Pit Volumes
Mass Diagrams
Cost Estimates

2. Earthwork Specs Payment based on excavation (Cut)
Specs define methods for cut and fill
Typically not paid for fill
Based on “Excavation measured in place as computed from survey notes”
Not weighing, counting truck rounds
Look for spec allowing contractor to dispute volumes in a certain area

3. Excavation Specs Common excavation Rock/Muck
Determined from survey notes
Describes most of work
Rock/Muck
Rock requires blasting
Muck requires deep dig, granular fill
Before/after volume survey

4. Haul Payments Volume payments - $/cy Excavation Free Haul - Stations
Separate lines for common, rock , muck
Free Haul - Stations
Overhaul - $/cy-stations
Borrow - $/cy
Covers cost of lease, haul, reclamation
Waste - $/cy

5. End Areas Based on Area – ft2 Cross-sections Typical section Cut Fill

6. Construction Grade Staking
Based on “typical section”
Stake centerline, slope “breakouts”

7. Slope Stakes
12’ + 4’(4) + 8’ + 6.3’(4) = 61.2’

8. Slope Staking
12’ + 3.7’(4) = 26.8’

9. End Area Calculations

10. End Area Calculations Level Sections 3-level Sections
Triangular Sections
5-level Sections
Other Sections

11. Level Sections

12. 3-Level Sections

13. 5-Level Sections

14. Transition Sections

15. End Area Calculations Planimeter Coordinate Calculations
Similar to coordinate area
Start/end at same point

16. Coordinate Areas
30 ‘ top, left shoulder (-15, 0)
Assign (0, 0)

17. Coordinate Calc Example

18. End-Area Volumes AI = 390.6 ft2 AH = 338.3 ft2 AG = 144.8 ft2
AE = 15.6 ft2
AE = 15.0 ft2
AD = ft2
AB = ft2
AA = ft2