1. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Autoflame Training, 2011 PID

2. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Agenda What is PID? Proportional Integral Derivative Super “I” and its applications Alterations to PID settings Summary

3. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information What is PID? Continual comparison between the required and actual temperatures/pressures Adjustments to the firing rate to accurately maintain the required value of pressure/temperature Example: Steam demand increases, boiler pressure drops, so firing rate increases to accommodate increased requirement.

4. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Advantages of PID Control? 1.Improved responsiveness If set correctly the system will be able to accurately deal with any variations in demand that may occur 2.Reduced cycling- reduction in maintenance costs Cycling burners on and off reduces plant efficiency through thermal loses and wears components within the burner 3.Accurate control of set point- fixed temperature/pressure In many applications accurate control of set point is an ideal, in lots of production applications, it is an absolute necessity 4.Fuel savings By maintaining the minimum firing rate required in order to meet demand the Autoflame system creates substantial fuel savings

5. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Internal Stat Operation

7. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Start and stop offsets

8. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Proportional Element Option #6 to adjust the proportional offset (P band) Within proportional band, MM adjusts firing rate proportionally to the offset from the required value The proportional element in any PID system makes increases and decreases in the control element that are proportional to the difference between the required and actual values Example: Steam boiler with a required pressure of 100psi Burner turndown ratio- 4:1 Option #6 set to 10 Firing rate would be proportionally decreased from Maximum firing rate (100%) at 90psi and below, down to the Minimum firing rate (25%) at the required value (100psi).

9. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Out of P- Band Mk7 Screens

10. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Within P-Band (set to 10psi) Mk7 Screens

11. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Proportional Element

12. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Integral Element Option #7 to set the time period This can be increased/decreased in 10 second increments With this option set to zero, the system will only use the proportional part of the PID control Every ‘n’ seconds 10% of the present offset from the required value is added/subtracted to the present proportional value Example: Steam boiler with a required pressure of 100psi Option #6 set to 10- Option #7 set to 60 Current actual value 95psi After 60 seconds 0.5psi is subtracted from the proportional band so the firing rate is increased

13. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Integral Element Relevant option: Relevant parameter:

14. Integral Element

15. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Derivative Element Option #37 to set the time period Derivative action is the time between comparing the actual value and required setpoint Equivalent to the rate of response Option #38 to set the band in which the derivative control operates Example: Steam boiler with a required pressure of 100psi Option #6 set to 10- Option #7 set to 60- Option #37 set to 20- Option #38 set to 2 Above 98psi and below 102psi the derivative control will take not effective. Every 20 seconds the actual value and required setpoint are compared and the firing rate is altered to adhere to the changes.

16. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Derivative Element Relevant options:

17. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Super “I” Control Two additional features have been added to the existing PID control in order to cope with very fast response times, e.g. very large water tubes high proportion of heat transfer surface to water volume low thermal inertia need for a more dynamic control response

18. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Super “I” Control 1.Make the I term in the existing PID more adjustable parameter #106- range of adjustment from 1-25% in increments of 1% default value- 10% 2.Super ‘I’ band to replace the standard integral control Operates over a narrower band than the standard I term Time between integrations is much faster than the standard I effect, and unlike the standard I term, the system adds a fixed amount to the angular position of the fuel valve Responds very quickly to slight alterations from the required value

19. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Super “I” Control Relevant parameters:

20. Super “I” Control

21. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Trouble Shooting The PID used in Autoflame MM’s is very versatile, and as such it can be altered to suit all applications However, you may come across situations where minor alterations to the PID can improve the performance of the system Only very minor alterations should ever be made to the PID settings before observing their effects Large alterations to these settings can radically alter the way in which the MM responds to load demands

22. World Leaders in Combustion Management Solutions PID Control http://www.autoflame.com/ (P)roportional (I)ntegral Internal Stat PID (D)erivative Further Information Thank you for listening.