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GHSGT Review 2 Poetry: Figurative Language and Word Structure
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Elements of Poetry Prose – writing of novels and short stories (using typical grammar and syntax rules) Literature written in lines and verses Often involves rhythm and rhyme Usually shorter than prose Uses more figurative language and fewer words than prose
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Types of Figurative Language Personification – giving human qualities to things not human Metaphor – direct comparison Extended Metaphor – when something with several characteristics is compared with another item Imagery – appealing to the senses Simile – comparison using “like” or “as”
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Figurative Language (continued) Irony – appearance of things differs from reality Dramatic irony – reader/audience know more than the actors/characters Paradox – contradictory ideas together to point out a deeper meaning Allusion – reference to well-known place, literary work, art work, famous person or historical event
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Figurative Language (continued) Symbolism – any object, person, place or action that has a meaning in itself and also represents a meaning beyond itself Hyperbole – exaggerated statement Understatement (Meiosis) – stressing the importance of something by minimizing it’s expression
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Figurative Language (that you may not know or remember) Synecdoche – using a part of something to represent the whole All hands on deck! Metonymy – substituting a term closely associated to another term The power of the crown was weakened. Conceit – opposite words describe conflicting emotions (used mostly in love poems) Love/hate relationship: love for a person described as bright smoke, cold fire, sick health…
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Types of Poetry Epic – long, complicated story-poems Tell of extraordinary deeds by supernatural heroes and villains Lyric poem – conveys exact mood or feeling to the reader Poet speaks directly to the reader Sonnet – kind of lyric poem with strict 14- line format Ballads – oral tradition that tell a story in a song Focus on actions and dialogue (not characters)
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Rhythm and Meter Rhythm - Movement or sense of movement (beat) Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that is repeated throughout the poem Meter – Word pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables Consonance, alliteration, and assonance help
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Rhyme Types Internal rhyme – words that rhyme inside a single line Slant – words almost rhyme; final consonant sound rhymes but not the final vowel End – most common type; at the ends of lines
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Rhyme Scheme Fixed rhyme – repeated pattern of end rhyme Use letters to identify Couplets – two-line rhyme pairs Stanza – group of lines Masculine rhyme – end rhyme couplet of only one syllable each Feminine rhyme – end rhyme couplet of more than one syllable each
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Poetry Passages/Questions Always read the directions Scan the Questions Read the poem carefully Identify rhyming couplets if possible Underline key words information Read all the choices REMEMBER: You CAN write in your test booklets.
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