2. Please pass back the permission slip and read the board! Welcome!

3. Field work next week – Water quality testing MonTuesWedThFri Assign test, practice Practice testIn field to run test Analyze results

4. CLEAN WATER Have you ever been in a place where you can’t drink the water?

5. Pollutant of the Day! Pathogens

6. Concerns: Improvements: 2.6 billion people do not have adequately clean water rural habitants are 5 times less likely to use improved drinking water than those in urban centers. 84% of the population in developing regions are using an improved source; in 2000, 1 billion more people used such a source than in 1990. World Health Organization Statistics:

7. UN-Water Decade Programme on Advocacy and Communication One out of four urban dwellers does not have access to improved sanitation facilities. 90% of all waste water in developing countries is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes and seas. Every day, 2 million tons of sewage and other effluents drain into the world's waters

8. Bacterial pathogens Typhoid – diarrhea, severe vomiting, inflamed intestines Cholera – diarrhea, severe vomiting Dysentery – diarrhea, usually only fatal in infants

9. Giardia protezoan – diarrhea, cramps, fatigue

10. Schistosomiasis – parasitic worm

11. Guinea worm – burns as it leaves the human body

12. 'Fiery serpent'... A guinea worm emerges from the leg of a south Sudanese girl. (Reuters: Skye Wheeler, file photo)

13. How are all of these passed on?

14. Global water initiatives

15. The Life Straw

17. LifeStraw SwissSwiss-based Vestergaard Frandsen for tourists and people living in developing nations. There are several models of the product: LifeStraw Personal filters a minimum of 700 litres of water, enough for one person and one year. LifeStraw Family filters a minimum of 18,000 litres of water, providing safe drinking water for a family for more than two years. It removes 99.9999% of waterborne bacteria, 99.99% of viruses, and 99.9% of parasites. LifeStraw Personal kills 99.9999% of waterborne bacteria and 98.5% of viruses.developing nationsbacteriaviruses parasites

18. OK, so what happens to water in the US?

19. trap greases & large solids & discharge the remaining wastes over drainage field Septic Tanks – out in the country Fig. 12–26 © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP

20. OK, so what happens to MY water?

21. involves screens & settling tanks to remove solids from sewage Primary Treatment Fig. 12–27 © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP

22. uses biological processes to break down biodegradable, oxygen–demanding wastes Secondary Treatment Fig. 12–27 © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP

23. uses one or more processes to remove specific pollutants Advanced Treatment Fig. 12–28 © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP

24. Sewage treatment facilities are SOURCES of pathogens IF Volume is too great, causing material to move through too quickly. Leaks in the system or other technical damage In northern US, storm drains and sewage treatment plants are often combined systems. Big storms can cause overflow.

25. Wichita Falls, Texas 2014

26. *Heavy duty filtration * 2 decontamination stages *lots of testing *water cleaner than reservoir

27. Constructed wetlands for sewage treatment Slow water = time to settle solids Plants absorb nitrates and phosphates Organic material has time to decompose

28. Constructed wetlands for sewage treatment

30. *Primary, Secondary treatment *Eight wetland cells with a variety of broad- and narrow- leaved emergent plants, and six of the cells were planted with three species of woody plants. *Capacity of the system 13,800 gallons per day.

31. Check for understanding Name one bacterial pathogen Name one parasitic worm How do human pathogens get into our water supply? How will you remember that primary sewage treatment is physical? Name one action that primary treatment involves. Why is oxygen bubbled through sewage during secondary treatment? Why is tertiary treatment rare? What ecosystem naturally mimics sewage treatment?

32. Compare Contrast Water treatment plant Sewage treatment plant