1. Who can explain what is happening?

2. We are learning today about how girls’ bodies change during puberty All: All pupils should be able to describe what changes happen to a girl’s body during puberty and recognise what FGM looks like. Most: Most pupils should be able to discuss the disadvantages of FGM and know where to go for support. Some: Some pupils should be able to analyse the consequences of FGM on an individual.

4. 1. How old are most girls when their periods start? Girls are usually 12 or 13 when their periods start, but you could be anything from 8-16.

5. 2. Describe three things that happen to a girl’s body during puberty? During puberty, a girl’s breasts grow, periods start, hips get wider, hair grows under the arms and around the vagina

6. 3. Where are eggs stored in a girl’s body? Eggs are stored in the ovaries.

7. 4. When are the eggs formed? a)During puberty? b)Before the girl is born? c)Every month?

8. 5. What is ovulation? Ovulation is the release of one or more eggs from the ovaries into the fallopian tubes.

9. 6. What are fallopian tubes? Fallopian tubes carry the egg down towards the womb.

10. 7. What is a menstrual cycle and how long is it? A menstrual cycle is the time from the first day of one period to the day before the next. The average length is around 28 days, although this can be different for each woman.

11. 8. How does a girl know when a period is about to start? A girl may know a period is about to start because her breasts may become tender or a bit larger, she may get spots or get moody, and she may have stomach cramps.

12. 9. How long do periods usually last? Periods usually last between four or five days, but may be 3-8.

13. 10. How much blood is lost during a period? About 3-5 tablespoons of blood.

14. 11. Can a girl get pregnant during her period? Some girls can get pregnant if they have sex during their period. The time when a girl’s body releases an egg can vary and a boy’s sperm can live in her body for several days!

15. 12. How does a sanitary towel work? A sanitary towel soaks up the blood as it leaves a girl’s body.

16. 13. How does a tampon work? A tampon fits inside the vagina and absorbs blood before it leaves the body.

17. 14. Does a girl have to remove a tampon she’s wearing before she goes to the toilet? No, it is not necessary to remove a tampon she’s wearing before going to the toilet because it doesn’t affect the urethra or the anus.

18. 15. Sometimes there can be problems using tampons, leading to a serious illness called toxic shock syndrome (TSS). If someone has certain symptoms while using tampons, she should stop using them and see a doctor straight away. Which of these could be symptoms of TSS? A) being sick B) a rash C) A sore throat D) a sudden fever E) diarrhoea F) all of the above F! All could be symptoms of TSS.

19. What is Female Genital Mutilation? Female circumcision is often called Female Genital Mutilation (or FGM) because there are no medical reasons why this takes place and it is very harmful to girls and women who have it done to them. Female genital mutilation comprises all procedures involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. It has no health benefits and harms girls and women in many ways. Statement from the World Health Organization 2011

20. FGM is Illegal in the UK but many countries turn a blind eye to the topic! Most common in Africa

21. What problems do you think this could cause?

22. Problems It takes a long time to urinate, causing urinary infections. Periods last longer causing blood to back up in vagina and create infections/ smells. Implications to mother and baby in child birth. Not all people who have undergone FGM experience problems.

23. Watch the film and note any reasons for and against FGM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kz BNTtR7toEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kz BNTtR7toE For FGMAgainst FGM

24. For Tradition; removing something ‘dirty’; stop women ‘sleeping around’; becoming a woman; To please family. Believed that you will go to heaven; preservation of virginity; family honour; sense of belonging to a community; Believed that a woman will become infertile without circumcision; her genitals will smell; the Believed that clitoris will continue to grow if not cut off. Against NO EVIDENCE FOR ANY OF THE FOR POINTS! Illegal in many countries. Against your human rights. people can die from the procedure – severe loss of blood/severe pain and shock/infections/gangrene etc; complications when giving birth; very painful whilst being done afterwards and in the future. increased risk of HIV problems during sex

25. Continued Against Painful and difficult to urinate difficulties with periods; infections Physical and mental trauma removes natural body parts FGM could cause infertility not linked to religious faith, for example, not mentioned in the Koran or Bible Mutilation of the body.

26. Why? Why do people do this? Islamic scholars have stressed that Islam forbids people from inflicting harm on others and those who put their daughters through FGM are going against the teachings of Islam! Dr Yunes Teinaz- Islamic cultural centre.

27. Task 1 In the film, the young woman said that she was “scared” and that she “didn’t have a choice”. If your friend came to you and said this: What would you say? What could you do? Task 2 At the end of the film, the young woman was seen going back home and shutting the front door. What do you think she might say to her family? Make a list of what her options are and what the consequences might be.

28. What do you really know?!? There are many stories and myths surrounding periods. Do the quiz in the back of your books to see if you know the true facts from the untrue ones. We will go through the answers as a class...

29. Quiz – TRUE OR FALSE 1.You should not wash your hair during a period? 2.It may take 2-3 years for periods to settle into a monthly routine? 3.Pre-menstrual tension, about a week before the period starts, may make you feel bad-tempered and depressed? 4.Gentle exercise can help if a girl has some period pain? 5.You should not swim during a period? 6.Some religions forbid using tampons? 7.You loose a bucket full of blood during your period? 8.If your periods are very painful your doctor can give you medication to help? 9.If you haven’t started your periods by the age of 16 you should see a doctor? 10.Baby girls are born with about 2 million eggs in their ovaries?

30. Quiz – TRUE OR FALSE 1. You should not wash your hair during a period? FALSE 2.It may take 2-3 years for periods to settle into a monthly routine? TRUE 3.Pre-menstrual tension, about a week before the period starts, may make you feel bad-tempered and depressed? TRUE – it can also cause headaches, general tiredness, swollen breasts and spots. 4.Gentle exercise can help if a girl has some period pain? TRUE 5.You should not swim during a period? FALSE – but you may need to use a tampon if you swim 6.Some religions forbid using tampons? TRUE – as they break the hymen and the girl is no longer technically a virgin 7.You loose a bucket full of blood during your period? FALSE – it’s around 3-5 tablespoons 8.If your periods are very painful your doctor can give you medication to help? TRUE – medicines can also help periods to become regular 9.If you haven’t started your periods by the age of 16 you should see a doctor? TRUE 10.Baby girls are born with about 2 million eggs in their ovaries? TRUE

31. Extension: Some girls become very moody just before they have their period – this is called ‘pre-menstrual tension’. How could school help with this? How could parents/carers help? What could a girl do to help herself at this time?

32. Homework Choose one of the following: design a leaflet for girls explaining what changes happen to their bodies during puberty. design a poster that explains the changes that happen to girls during puberty. write a magazine article explaining the changes that happen to their bodies during puberty – remember to include diagrams to help your readers understand.

33. Plenary: Some advice Talk to a doctor or nurse if: your period lasts longer than a week you have to change your pad very often (soaking more than one pad every 1- 2 hours) you go longer than 3 months between periods you have bleeding in between periods you have an unusual amount of pain before or during your period your periods were regular then became irregular FGM advice: School: Talk to the school nurse or a teacher you trust. Remember though that anything you tell them that indicates you are at risk they will have to pass on to the schools child protection officer. Project Azure: 02071612888 www.forward.org.uk www.nspcc.org.uk www.childline.org.uk

34. We are learning today about how girls’ bodies change during puberty All: All pupils should be able to describe what changes happen to a girl’s body during puberty and recognise what FGM looks like. Most: Most pupils should be able to discuss the disadvantages of FGM and know where to go for support. Some: Some pupils should be able to analyse the consequences of FGM on an individual.