1. Explorers and Early Settlement Grade Five Social E. Larson

2. Who was first group of people to live in Canada?  The First Nations were the first to live in Canada.  They crossed into what would become Canada many thousands of years ago.

3. Canada’s First Nations  Throughout Canada, there are many different groups of First Nation people.  They all have their own unique language and lifestyles.  They all had similarities and differences in how they lived off the land.

4. First Nations.  What are three Similarities with different First Nation groups, that lived in Canada prior to the Europeans?  Most First Nation groups hunted and gathered food, traveled by canoe or horseback.

5. First Nations  What are some differences between First Nation groups?  Some groups lived in long houses, while others lived in Tipis. Eg. Mohawk and Blackfoot  Some groups were nomadic, while others were more settled Cree and the Huron  Some groups were primarily gatherers, while others farmed and grew their own crops.

6. Who were the first Europeans to discover Canada?  The Vikings were the first to discover Canada.  They landed on L’Anse aux Meadows, in Newfoundland, in 1000 AD  They called Canada, Vinland.

7. L’Anse aux Meadows

8. Who were the Vikings?  The Viking were men who sailed around the world looking for treasure and resources.  They were very strong men, who were not afraid to fight.  They were from Scandinavia, which was made up of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands.

9. Exploration of the Vikings

10. Viking Ships

11. Vikings  Leif Erikson was believed to be the first European explorer to land in North America.

12. Who were some other European Explorers?  There was a long gap in time between the Vikings and other European explorers.  John Cabot was the first European explorer to discover Canada, after the Vikings.  Many explorers from England, France, Spain and Portugal, sailed to Canada.

13. John Cabot  John Cabot or Giovanni Caboto sailed to North America in 1497. He claimed parts of Newfoundland for the King of England.  He discovered great quantities of Cod fish in the Great Banks.  The people of Europe were interested in sailing to this new land, because of all of its resources he discovered.

14. John Cabot  John Cabot was initially sent to find a trade route to Asia.  Trade was very important to European countries. They wanted to find a safer and quicker route to Asia

15. John Cabot’s Route

16. Important Facts about John Cabot  He was first to discover North America after the Vikings.  Discovered Newfoundland and Grand Banks  Sailed on the ship called the Matthew.  Died on his second voyage to Canada in a storm.

17. Jacques Cartier  Sent to North America in 1534 by the King of France to bring back gold and jewels.  Try to establish a settlement in Quebec.  First to meet First Nations, Huron and establish contact.

18. Jacques Cartier  Sailed and explored more of North America.  Mapped much of the St. Lawrence region and the Atlantic provinces.  Named Canada, by misinterpreting the word, “Kanata”, which is native for village.

19. Jacques Cartier and one of his routes.

20. Important Facts about Jacques Cartier  Second person to discover North America.  Explored more of the continent.  First to meet First Nation people  Took to sons of a Huron Chief back to France.  Tried to establish a French Colony, but failed because of weather and disease.  Scurvy is a disease from lack of vitamin C.

21. Samuel de Champlain  Jacques Cartier did not bring back gold or jewels to the King of France.  Settlement of Canada failed. It would be a long time until France tried again.  In 1605, Samuel de Champlain successfully established a colony in Canada. It was at Port Royal, Nova Scotia.

22. Samuel de Champlain  Went on to further establish settlement, most notably in present day Quebec City.  Establish good relationships with the Native people.  Explored and mapped a lot of the Atlantic Coast of Canada.

23. Samuel de Champlain  He was known as the Father of New France.  Established many settlements, in what is known as present day Quebec. Montreal, Quebec City

24. Why did Champlain succeed and Cartier did not?  Champlain picked an area that would be sheltered from the harsh weather. Cartier did not.  Champlain established a good relationship with the First Nation people. They helped the settlers survive on the land. Cartier did not.

25. Why did Champlain succeed and Cartier did not? Continued…  Cartier’s men developed scurvy, which killed many of them. Champlain learned from the First Nation people how to cure Scurvy. Which is a lack of vitamin C.

26. New France  The country of New France was established, once settlements were successful.  New France included much of the Atlantic coast and parts of Quebec.  France encouraged people to move to this new land.

27. Map of New France 1597

28. Life of a Settler  There were many different types of people that moved to Canada.  Farmers, land owners and merchants were the most common and the greatest in number.  Other people became traders, clergy and other various positions.

29. Farming  The land was divided up into lots. If you came to Canada with money, you could either buy your own land, or buy many plots of land. If you owned land, you were a Seigneur.  A person who did not own their own land was called a Habitant.

30. Seigniorial System  Habitants were people who farmed on a piece of land that they did not own.  Habitants grew the crops and sold them. They had to pay a certain percentage of their profit to the land owner. What little money they had left, they used to buy food, clothes and supplies to last the rest of the year.

31. Seigneurial System  Land was divided up into narrow strips, along St. Lawrence river.  The land was owned by the King and the lords or seigneurs managed the farmers or Habitants.

32. What did New France offer?  People who wanted to move to New France were given the opportunity to own land, own their own home or land. Most importantly a job and a source of income.  People also were excited by the sense of adventure, living in a New World.  New France provided opportunities for many people for a better life for themselves.

33. Other Explorations  Britain established settlements in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.  Spain and Portugal sailed to Canada.

34. European impact on the Native Lifestyle  Europeans brought diseases to the First Nations.  They had never been exposed to such illness and as a result many First Nation people died.

35. European Impact  Europeans began hunting and farming in land that was once used only by the First Nations.  They were having their land taken by them, and this was being done without permission.  Whoever opposed the Europeans, were killed.

36. European Impact  The Fur Trade- furs from Canada became very popular back in Europe.  At first the First Nation people would trade these furs to the Europeans for goods.  Often the First Nations would trade for items they did not have. eg: beads, guns, pots, knives, etc.

37. The Fur Trade  It was not fair. The Europeans took advantage of the First Nations. They knew they really wanted European goods and they would trade them less, much less for a lot of fur.  Or they would trade them a gun, but would not include the bullets and gun powder.

38. The Fur Trade  The Fur Trade was a very big business.  Soon, many Europeans learned from the First Nation people; how to hunt and trap animals and they began to trade themselves.  Trading Posts were built throughout Canada as places where people could trade their furs.

39. Fur Trade Companies  Two Fur Trade Companies were established in Canada.  They were the Hudson’s Bay Company and the North West Trading Company.

40. Coureurs des Bois  The Coureurs des Bois were fur traders that did not work for a specific company. They worked for themselves.  They are said to be the first inhabitants or people that lived in New France.

41. Why did countries want settlements?  Countries in Europe wanted settlements in other countries because of the resources.  Countries like Canada had large amounts of resources, that the settlers gathered and gave back to their home country.  Fur is a prime example of this.

42. How did countries try to get people to move to Canada?  Countries in Europe made posters and other advertisements, promoting a better life in the New World.  Britain and France needed people to live in the settlements, because they wanted the resources. More resources for a country meant more money.

43. Why did countries want resources?  Britain and France wanted resources to make money.  They also used these resources in their own country.  If fish was brought back to France, the fish was sold to the people of France. They would have food and they government would get money.

44. Explorers Assignment  Your task is to research a specific explorer from Canada’s History.  You must find out the following information. Use this chart.  You must present this information in either of these formats. Powerpoint, Photostory or Poster Board.  You will have to present your information to the rest of the class.

45. Famous Explorers  Martin Frobisher  Henry Hudson  Alexander Mackenzie  Anthony Henday  George Vancouver  Simon Fraser  Henry Kelsey  David Thompson  Radisson and Grossiellers  Le Verendyre  Samuel de Champlain  Robert de La Salle