1. Succession a Dr. Production

2. Ecological succession- the change of communities that follows a formation of a new, or the disturbance of an area already in existance (plowing, landslide, volcano, fire)

3. Succession is a "change in the species composition of a community over time." Primary Succession follows the formation of new land surfaces consisting of rock, lava, volcanic ash, sand, clay, or some other exclusively mineral substrate. This means that there is NO SOIL present. Soil is a mixture of mineral material, decaying organic material, and living organisms. Secondary Succession follows the destruction or partial destruction of the vegetation area by some sort of disturbance, like a fire, windstorm, or flood that leaves the soil intact.

4. 1 2 5 10 20

5. Pioneer species initiate recovery following disturbance in both primary AND secondary successions: LICHENs Pioneers "pave the way" for later colonists by altering the biotic and abiotic environment: –soil stabilization –soil nutrient enrichment (organic matter and biological nitrogen fixation)biological nitrogen fixation –increased moisture holding capacity –light availability –temperature –exposure to wind Species composition tends towards a Climax Community through succession. The climax community describes an end product of succession that persists until disturbed by environmental change. Succession occurs at large scales involving higher plants and animals, but may involve microbial communities on a smaller scale. Such as in a compost pile.

7. http://bcs.whfreeman.com/th elifewire/content/chp55/5502 0.html

8. Symbiosis a Dr. Production

9. A symbiosis is a relationship between two organisms. That relationship can be beneficial to one or both organisms, harmful to one or both organisms, or neutral to one of the organisms. There are 5 types of symbiosis that you are responsible for understanding for this course…

10. SymbiosisType of Relation -ship DescriptionExamples Mutualism+/+In this symbiosis both organisms benefit. Termite and gut protist Grouper cleaning Commen- salism +/0In this symbiosis, one organism benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed. Robin and oak tree Remoras & pilot fish Parasite- Host +/-In this symbiosis, one organism benefits (parasite) and the other organism (host) is harmed usually gradually but not killed. Cat and flea Athlete’s foot fungus and human Isopod on Soldierfish Predator- Prey +/-In this symbiosis, one organism benefits (predator) and the other organism (prey) is harmed usually dying immediately as it is eaten. Cat and mouse Lion and gazelle Shark Breach Competiti on -/-While engaged in competition, both organisms are being harmed.  Intraspecific competition occurs within the same species  Interspecific competition occurs between different species Lion and lion Lion and hyena Hermit Crabs

11. Identify the Symbiosis: Ancient Farmers of the Amazon Octopus Camouflage Ants and Butterflies Shark & Loggerhead

12. Mimic OctopusMimic Octopus, 2 2

13. Mimic Octopus & Sea Snake

14. Mimic Octopus & Crinoid

15. Mimic Octopus & Sea Star

16. Mimic Octopus & Flounder/Sole

17. Mimic Octopus & lionfish

18. What’s the Ecology?