1. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY CHAPTER 3

2. SPECIES INTERACTIONS Community: all the interacting organisms in one area Symbiosis: the relationship between different species living in one area 5 Major Types: 11) Predation4) Mutualism 22) Parasitism5) Commensalism 33) Competition

3. 1) PREDATION Predator: captures, kills, and consumes another organism (the Prey) AAdaptations include: venom, fangs, claws, speed, camouflage Prey: organism being consumed AAdaptations include: speed, camouflage, poisons, thorns, mimicry MMimicry: a defense in which one organism resembles another that is dangerous or poisonous

4. 2) PARASITISM Parasitism: an interaction in which one individual is harmed and the other benefits Parasite: feeds on another individual (the “Host”)

5. 3) COMPETITION Competition results from limited resources in a community Competitive Exclusion: when one species is eliminated due to competition Character Displacement: evolution of anatomical differences to reduce competition ii.e.: Darwin’s finches evolved specialized beaks

7. 4) MUTUALISM Mutualism: a cooperative relationship in which both species benefit Pollination is an important mutualistic relationship FFlowers can reproduce and spread AAnimals receive food from plants

8. 5) COMMENSALISM Commensalism: a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not affected ii.e.: Clown fish and sea anenome

9. PROPERTIES OF COMMUNITIES Species Richness: the # of species in a community Species Diversity: abundance of each species type

10. SUCCESSION Succession: the gradual regrowth of species in an area 2 Types: 11) Primary Succession: in an area that has not previously supported life 22) Secondary Succession: follows a disruption of an existing community ii.e. flood, fire, etc. Pioneer Species: the first species to colonize a new habitat Climax Community: the end result of succession which remains constant over time