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Ecology Test Review
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You will be working in groups of 4 (the 3 people around you). Need one whiteboard and one marker per group.
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Discuss the question as a group. Hold up the whiteboard when we say to. We’ll keep track of points up front.
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Why is the moose pop. So high at point A? Very few predators eating them. A B
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Why is the moose pop. so low at point B? Wolf pop. high= many moose were eaten A B
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What are two changes to an ecosystem that would cause primary succession? Glacial retreat/ volcano
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What are two changes to an ecosystem that would cause secondary succession? Fire, hurricane, tornado,
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Which type of succession occurs faster? Why? Secondary- soil is already created
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Which type of succession begins from bare rock (no soil present)? Primary succession
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Which organisms are the pioneer species? Mosses & Lichens
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Which organisms make up the climax communit y? Mature Forest
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Can organisms from different parts of the world compete for the same food source? Explain. No, they must share a niche or habitat in order to fight for food.
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Which is the most stable stage of successio n? Mature Forest
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List 2 causes of desertification. Lack of crop rotation Over use of fertilizers Overgrazing of animals Cutting down trees
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Which type of symbiosis describes when one organism is benefitting and one is harmed? PARASITISM
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Determine the type of symbiosis: Wrasse fish eat parasites off of larger fish (as a meal). Larger fish are clean of parasites. MUTUALISM
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Explain why a cheetah eating a gazelle is not an example of parasitism. Intent is to kill and eat prey. Parasites want to keep their host alive.
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Fill in the trophic levels for the energy pyramid below. A B C D E
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If Level E has 500% energy, how much of that energy would level D have? 50% A B C D E
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Of the original 500% energy in Level E, how much energy would level B have? 0.5 % A B C D E
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Biomagnification is the build up of _________ in (higher or lower) trophic levels. TOXINS
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Why do toxins build up in higher trophic levels? From eating organisms at lower trophic levels who already have a build of those toxins.
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In which symbiotic relationship is one organism neither harmed nor benefitted? COMMENSALISM
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Determine the type of symbiosis: Dodder (a plant) attaches to trees and absorbs the water/sugar from the tree. The tree eventually dies. PARASITISM
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Determine the type of symbiosis: Sticky burrs from plants stick to deer, allowing them to move to new areas to pollinate. The deer are not hurt. COMMENSALISM
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How are predators and parasites similar? Both benefit by harming other organisms.
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Which trophic level has the greatest amount of energy/biomass? PRODUCERS
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How are food webs different from food chains? Food webs show all feeding relationships in an ecosystem, not just one linear relationship like a food chain.
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Which organism is the secondary consumer? Large bird
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Assume the large bird eats both sunflowers & small birds. Which food source gives it the most energy? Explain. The sunflower b/c producers contain the most energy (no loss to other trophic levels)
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Which of the following receives energy DIRECTLY from the sun? ProducersOR Consumers PRODUCERS
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What is the term for a close relationship between two organisms? SYMBIOSIS
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Determine the niche and habitat for a polar bear. Niche- Eats fish & seals Habitat- Ice caps in tundra
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What type of organism eats only autotrophs? Herbivore/carnivore/omnivore HERBIVORE
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What is a synonym for autotroph? PRODUCER
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What is a synonym for heterotroph? CONSUMER
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS What process do most autotrophs use to create their own food?
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What determines the carrying capacity for a population? Limiting factors
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Chemosynthesis uses ___________ to create sugars. CHEMICALS
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What organisms use chemosynthesis? BACTERIA IN HYDROTHERMAL VENTS
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Where does the energy originate in almost every ecosystem? SUN
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From this picture, give an example of a population. Many of the same species.
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Give an example of a community in this picture. Lions, zebra & elephant populations (different species)
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The ecosystem in this picture would include…. Abiotic & biotic factors
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Compare biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic = living Abiotic = non-living
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What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem? Breakdown food and return nutrients to the soil.
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What do adaptations allow organisms to do? SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE
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Are adaptations willingly developed? NO THEY ARE INHERITED.
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